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@ARTICLE{Bressi:894239,
      author       = {Bressi, M. and Cavalli, F. and Putaud, J. P. and Fröhlich,
                      R. and Petit, J.-E. and Aas, W. and Äijälä, M. and
                      Alastuey, A. and Allan, J. D. and Aurela, M. and Berico, M.
                      and Bougiatioti, A. and Bukowiecki, N. and Canonaco, F. and
                      Crenn, V. and Dusanter, S. and Ehn, M. and Elsasser, M. and
                      Flentje, H. and Graf, P. and Green, D. C. and Heikkinen, L.
                      and Hermann, H. and Holzinger, R. and Hueglin, C. and
                      Keernik, H. and Kiendler-Scharr, A. and Kubelová, L. and
                      Lunder, C. and Maasikmets, M. and Makeš, O. and Malaguti,
                      A. and Mihalopoulos, N. and Nicolas, J. B. and O'Dowd, C.
                      and Ovadnevaite, J. and Petralia, E. and Poulain, L. and
                      Priestman, M. and Riffault, V. and Ripoll, A. and Schlag, P.
                      and Schwarz, J. and Sciare, J. and Slowik, J. and Sosedova,
                      Y. and Stavroulas, I. and Teinemaa, E. and Via, M. and
                      Vodička, P. and Williams, P. I. and Wiedensohler, A. and
                      Young, D. E. and Zhang, S. and Favez, O. and Minguillón, M.
                      C. and Prevot, A. S. H.},
      title        = {{A} {E}uropean aerosol phenomenology - 7: {H}igh-time
                      resolution chemical characteristics of submicron particulate
                      matter across {E}urope},
      journal      = {Atmospheric environment: X},
      volume       = {10},
      issn         = {2590-1621},
      address      = {Amsterdam},
      publisher    = {Elsevier},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2021-03119},
      pages        = {100108 -},
      year         = {2021},
      abstract     = {Similarities and differences in the submicron atmospheric
                      aerosol chemical composition are analyzed from a unique set
                      of measurements performed at 21 sites across Europe for at
                      least one year. These sites are located between 35 and 62°N
                      and 10° W – 26°E, and represent various types of
                      settings (remote, coastal, rural, industrial, urban).
                      Measurements were all carried out on-line with a 30-min time
                      resolution using mass spectroscopy based instruments known
                      as Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitors (ACSM) and Aerosol
                      Mass Spectrometers (AMS) and following common measurement
                      guidelines. Data regarding organics, sulfate, nitrate and
                      ammonium concentrations, as well as the sum of them called
                      non-refractory submicron aerosol mass concentration
                      ([NR-PM1]) are discussed. NR-PM1 concentrations generally
                      increase from remote to urban sites. They are mostly larger
                      in the mid-latitude band than in southern and northern
                      Europe. On average, organics account for the major part
                      $(36–64\%)$ of NR-PM1 followed by sulfate $(12–44\%)$
                      and nitrate $(6–35\%).$ The annual mean chemical
                      composition of NR-PM1 at rural (or regional background)
                      sites and urban background sites are very similar.
                      Considering rural and regional background sites only,
                      nitrate contribution is higher and sulfate contribution is
                      lower in mid-latitude Europe compared to northern and
                      southern Europe. Large seasonal variations in concentrations
                      (μg/m³) of one or more components of NR-PM1 can be
                      observed at all sites, as well as in the chemical
                      composition of NR-PM1 $(\%)$ at most sites. Significant diel
                      cycles in the contribution to [NR-PM1] of organics, sulfate,
                      and nitrate can be observed at a majority of sites both in
                      winter and summer. Early morning minima in organics in
                      concomitance with maxima in nitrate are common features at
                      regional and urban background sites. Daily variations are
                      much smaller at a number of coastal and rural sites. Looking
                      at NR-PM1 chemical composition as a function of NR-PM1 mass
                      concentration reveals that although organics account for the
                      major fraction of NR-PM1 at all concentration levels at most
                      sites, nitrate contribution generally increases with NR-PM1
                      mass concentration and predominates when NR-PM1 mass
                      concentrations exceed 40 μg/m³ at half of the sites.},
      cin          = {IEK-8},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-8-20101013},
      pnm          = {2111 - Air Quality (POF4-211)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-2111},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000660094500004},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.aeaoa.2021.100108},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/894239},
}