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@ARTICLE{Pandey:894277,
      author       = {Pandey, G. C. and Nemkovskiy, Kirill and Su, Y. and Rath,
                      Chandana},
      title        = {{E}vidence of anomalous conventional and spontaneous
                      exchange bias, high coercivity in {F}e doped {N}i{C}r2{O}4
                      spinel},
      journal      = {Dalton transactions},
      volume       = {49},
      number       = {14},
      issn         = {1477-9234},
      address      = {London},
      publisher    = {Soc.},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2021-03150},
      pages        = {4502 - 4517},
      year         = {2020},
      abstract     = {NiCr2−xFexO4 (x = 0 and 0.2) polycrystalline ceramics
                      have been synthesized successfully through a simple
                      co-precipitation technique to study the evolution of
                      structural and magnetic properties by doping Fe. X-ray
                      diffraction (XRD) reveals that the high-temperature cubic
                      phase (space group Fd[3 with combining macron]m) observed at
                      320 K in bulk NiCr2O4 is stabilized at room temperature by
                      decreasing the particle size to nanometer in x = 0 as well
                      as after incorporating 20 $at\%$ Fe in the NiCr2O4 lattice.
                      The cation distribution obtained from X-ray absorption fine
                      structure (XAFS) analysis illustrates that while in x = 0,
                      Ni2+ and Cr3+ ions occupy the tetrahedral (A) and octahedral
                      (B) sites, respectively, x = 0.2, Fe3+ and Cr3+ ions occupy
                      the A and B sites, respectively, and Ni2+ ions are
                      distributed among the A and B sites. This transformation
                      from the normal to mixed spinel structure strongly affects
                      the magnetic properties. While the paramagnetic to
                      long-range ferrimagnetic ordering temperature TC is enhanced
                      from 71 to 192 K, significantly large coercive field (HC) of
                      ∼29 kOe is observed for x = 0.2 as compared to the HC
                      ∼13 kOe for x = 0. Moreover, unusually large conventional
                      and spontaneous exchange bias fields of ∼26 and ∼2.6 kOe
                      are observed for x = 0.2, which is absent for x = 0. The
                      presence of anomalous exchange bias field is ascribed to the
                      unidirectional exchange anisotropy between the two magnetic
                      sublattices at A and B sites. The training effect of the
                      exchange bias field is discussed using a phenomenological
                      model, which considers the contribution from irreversible
                      uncompensated spins that modify the exchange anisotropy at
                      the interface between A and B magnetic sublattices. In
                      addition, diffuse neutron scattering (DNS) with XYZ analysis
                      is employed for both compositions to clearly illustrate the
                      low-temperature peculiar magnetic phase transitions such as
                      spin spiral transition, TS and spin lock-in transition, Tl.
                      The DNS demonstrates that while Tl decreases from 10 K to 7
                      K with the incorporation of Fe in the NiCr2O4 lattice, TS
                      significantly increases from 28 K to 50 K.},
      cin          = {JCNS-FRM-II / JCNS-2 / JCNS-4 / MLZ},
      ddc          = {540},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)JCNS-FRM-II-20110218 /
                      I:(DE-Juel1)JCNS-2-20110106 / I:(DE-Juel1)JCNS-4-20201012 /
                      I:(DE-588b)4597118-3},
      pnm          = {632 - Materials – Quantum, Complex and Functional
                      Materials (POF4-632) / 6G4 - Jülich Centre for Neutron
                      Research (JCNS) (FZJ) (POF4-6G4)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-632 / G:(DE-HGF)POF4-6G4},
      experiment   = {EXP:(DE-MLZ)DNS-20140101},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {32193522},
      UT           = {WOS:000526110700030},
      doi          = {10.1039/D0DT00124D},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/894277},
}