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@ARTICLE{Zimmermann:894359,
      author       = {Zimmermann, Stephan and Mauer, Georg and Rauwald,
                      Karl-Heinz and Schein, Jochen},
      title        = {{C}haracterization of an {A}xial-{I}njection {P}lasma
                      {S}pray {T}orch},
      journal      = {Journal of thermal spray technology},
      volume       = {30},
      issn         = {1544-1016},
      address      = {Boston, Mass.},
      publisher    = {Springer},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2021-03194},
      pages        = {1724–1736},
      year         = {2021},
      abstract     = {The Axial III™ torch is a multiple-arc plasma generator
                      with a set of three single cathode–anode units, which is
                      still of significant importance, especially in the field of
                      suspension plasma spraying. The division of the plasma
                      generator into three spatially separated systems allows for
                      central feedstock injection with improved deposition rates
                      and efficiencies. In this work, several diagnostic methods
                      were applied to characterize the plasma jet of an Axial
                      III™ spray torch to further the understanding of this
                      spray system. One important result was that the plasma
                      temperature in the jet exhibits a triple distribution with
                      three straight lobes arranged around the jet axis. As with
                      every plasma torch, the total plasma power is subject to
                      fast temporal variations. Power variations were clearly seen
                      in the plasma jet even though it could have been anticipated
                      that the triple jet characteristics and the natural
                      fluctuations of the arcs generated by the three single
                      cathode–anode units would be less pronounced after merging
                      the three plasma streams. Unaffected by this it is
                      nevertheless likely that the axially injected feedstock
                      particles are caged effectively in the core of the plasma
                      jet. Hence, the total electrical torch power and the
                      uniformity of the single unit’s powers must be monitored
                      to realize possible degradation and asymmetries in the
                      plasma temperature distribution, which may influence
                      deposition parameters.},
      cin          = {IEK-1},
      ddc          = {670},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-1-20101013},
      pnm          = {1241 - Gas turbines (POF4-124)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-1241},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000675746800001},
      doi          = {10.1007/s11666-021-01235-6},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/894359},
}