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@ARTICLE{Raumann:894452,
      author       = {Raumann, Leonard and Coenen, Jan Willem and Riesch, Johann
                      and Mao, Yiran and Schwalenberg, Daniel and Gietl, Hanns and
                      Linsmeier, Christian and Guillon, Olivier},
      title        = {{I}mproving the {W} {C}oating {U}niformity by a {COMSOL}
                      {M}odel-{B}ased {CVD} {P}arameter {S}tudy for {D}enser
                      {W}f/{W} {C}omposites},
      journal      = {Metals},
      volume       = {11},
      number       = {7},
      issn         = {2075-4701},
      address      = {Basel},
      publisher    = {MDPI},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2021-03231},
      pages        = {1089 -},
      year         = {2021},
      abstract     = {Tungsten (W) has the unique combination of excellent
                      thermal properties, low sputter yield, low hydrogen
                      retention, and acceptable activation. Therefore, W is
                      presently the main candidate for the first wall and armor
                      material for future fusion devices. However, its intrinsic
                      brittleness and its embrittlement during operation bears the
                      risk of a sudden and catastrophic component failure. As a
                      countermeasure, tungsten fiber-reinforced tungsten (Wf/W)
                      composites exhibiting extrinsic toughening are being
                      developed. A possible Wf/W production route is chemical
                      vapor deposition (CVD) by reducing WF6 with H2 on heated W
                      fabrics. The challenge here is that the growing CVD-W can
                      seal gaseous domains leading to strength reducing pores. In
                      previous work, CVD models for Wf/W synthesis were developed
                      with COMSOL Multiphysics and validated experimentally. In
                      the present article, these models were applied to conduct a
                      parameter study to optimize the coating uniformity, the
                      relative density, the WF6 demand, and the process time. A
                      low temperature and a low total pressure increase the
                      process time, but in return lead to very uniform W layers at
                      the micro and macro scales and thus to an optimized relative
                      density of the Wf/W composite. High H2 and low WF6 gas flow
                      rates lead to a slightly shorter process time and an
                      improved coating uniformity as long as WF6 is not depleted,
                      which can be avoided by applying the presented reactor
                      model.},
      cin          = {IEK-4},
      ddc          = {530},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-4-20101013},
      pnm          = {1232 - Power-based Fuels and Chemicals (POF4-123) /
                      EUROfusion - Implementation of activities described in the
                      Roadmap to Fusion during Horizon 2020 through a Joint
                      programme of the members of the EUROfusion consortium
                      (633053)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-1232 / G:(EU-Grant)633053},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000676817800001},
      doi          = {10.3390/met11071089},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/894452},
}