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@ARTICLE{Eickhoff:894631,
      author       = {Eickhoff, Claudia R and Hoffstaedter, Felix and Caspers,
                      Julian and Reetz, Kathrin and Mathys, Christian and Dogan,
                      Imis and Amunts, Katrin and Schnitzler, Alfons and Eickhoff,
                      Simon B},
      title        = {{A}dvanced brain aging in {P}arkinson’s disease is
                      related to disease duration and individual impairment},
      journal      = {Brain communications},
      volume       = {3},
      number       = {3},
      issn         = {2632-1297},
      address      = {[Großbritannien]},
      publisher    = {Guarantors of Brain},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2021-03327},
      pages        = {fcab191},
      year         = {2021},
      abstract     = {Machine-learning can reliably predict individual age from
                      MRI data, revealing that patients with neurodegenerative
                      disorders show an elevated biological age. A surprising gap
                      in the literature, however, pertains to Parkinson’s
                      disease. Here we evaluate brain age in two cohorts of
                      Parkinson’s patients and investigated the relationship
                      between individual brain age and clinical characteristicsWe
                      assessed 372 patients with idiopathic Parkinson’s disease,
                      newly diagnosed cases from the Parkinson’s Progression
                      Marker Initiative database and a more chronic local sample,
                      as well as age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Following
                      morphometric preprocessing and atlas-based compression,
                      individual brain age was predicted using a multivariate
                      machine-learning model trained on an independent, multi-site
                      reference sample.Across cohorts, healthy controls were well
                      predicted with a mean error of 4.4 years. In turn,
                      Parkinson’s patients showed a significant (controlling for
                      age, gender $\&$ site) increase in brain age of
                      ∼3 years. While this effect was already present in the
                      newly diagnosed PPMI sample, advanced biological age was
                      significantly related to disease duration as well as worse
                      cognitive and motor impairment.While biological age is
                      increased in patients with Parkinson’s disease, the effect
                      is at the lower end of what is found for other neurological
                      and psychiatric disorders. We argue that this may reflect a
                      heterochronicity between forebrain atrophy and small but
                      behaviourally salient midbrain pathology. Finally, we point
                      to the need to disentangle physiological aging trajectories,
                      lifestyle effects and core pathological changes.},
      cin          = {INM-1 / INM-7 / INM-11},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)INM-1-20090406 / I:(DE-Juel1)INM-7-20090406 /
                      I:(DE-Juel1)INM-11-20170113},
      pnm          = {5252 - Brain Dysfunction and Plasticity (POF4-525) / HBP
                      SGA3 - Human Brain Project Specific Grant Agreement 3
                      (945539) / JL SMHB - Joint Lab Supercomputing and Modeling
                      for the Human Brain (JL SMHB-2021-2027)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-5252 / G:(EU-Grant)945539 / G:(DE-Juel1)JL
                      SMHB-2021-2027},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:34541531},
      UT           = {WOS:000734327400060},
      doi          = {10.1093/braincomms/fcab191},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/894631},
}