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@ARTICLE{Brmann:894690,
      author       = {Bärmann, Peer and Haneke, Lukas and Wrogemann, Jens
                      Matthies and Winter, Martin and Guillon, Olivier and Placke,
                      Tobias and Gonzalez-Julian, Jesus},
      title        = {{S}calable {S}ynthesis of {MAX} {P}hase {P}recursors toward
                      {T}itanium-{B}ased {MX}enes for {L}ithium-{I}on {B}atteries},
      journal      = {ACS applied materials $\&$ interfaces},
      volume       = {13},
      number       = {22},
      issn         = {1944-8252},
      address      = {Washington, DC},
      publisher    = {Soc.},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2021-03352},
      pages        = {26074 - 26083},
      year         = {2021},
      abstract     = {MXenes have emerged as one of the most interesting material
                      classes, owing to their outstanding physical and chemical
                      properties enabling the application in vastly different
                      fields such as electrochemical energy storage (EES). MXenes
                      are commonly synthesized by the use of their parent phase,
                      i.e., MAX phases, where “M” corresponds to a transition
                      metal, “A” to a group IV element, and “X” to carbon
                      and/or nitrogen. As MXenes display characteristic
                      pseudocapacitive behaviors in EES technologies, their use as
                      a high-power material can be useful for many battery-like
                      applications. Here, a comprehensive study on the synthesis
                      and characterization of morphologically different
                      titanium-based MXenes, i.e., Ti3C2 and Ti2C, and their use
                      for lithium-ion batteries is presented. First, the
                      successful synthesis of large batches (≈1 kg) of the MAX
                      phases Ti3AlC2 and Ti2AlC is shown, and the underlying
                      materials are characterized mainly by focusing on their
                      structural properties and phase purity. Second, multi- and
                      few-layered MXenes are successfully synthesized and
                      characterized, especially toward their ever-present surface
                      groups, influencing the electrochemical behavior to a large
                      extent. Especially multi- and few-layered Ti3C2 are
                      achieved, exhibiting almost no oxidation and similar content
                      of surface groups. These attributes enable the precise
                      comparison of the electrochemical behavior between
                      morphologically different MXenes. Since the preparation
                      method for few-layered MXenes is adapted to process both
                      active materials in a “classical” electrode paste
                      processing method, a better comparison between both
                      materials is possible by avoiding macroscopic differences.
                      Therefore, in a final step, the aforementioned
                      electrochemical performance is evaluated to decipher the
                      impact of the morphology difference of the titanium-based
                      MXenes. Most importantly, the delamination leads to an
                      increased non-diffusion-limited contribution to the overall
                      pseudocapacity by enhancing the electrolyte access to the
                      redox-active sites.},
      cin          = {IEK-1 / IEK-12},
      ddc          = {600},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-1-20101013 / I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-12-20141217},
      pnm          = {1221 - Fundamentals and Materials (POF4-122) / 1223 -
                      Batteries in Application (POF4-122)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-1221 / G:(DE-HGF)POF4-1223},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:34060318},
      UT           = {WOS:000662086600047},
      doi          = {10.1021/acsami.1c05889},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/894690},
}