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@ARTICLE{Brmann:894691,
      author       = {Bärmann, Peer and Nölle, Roman and Siozios, Vassilios and
                      Ruttert, Mirco and Guillon, Olivier and Winter, Martin and
                      Gonzalez-Julian, Jesus and Placke, Tobias},
      title        = {{S}olvent {C}o-intercalation into {F}ew-layered {T}i 3 {C}
                      2 {T} x {MX}enes in {L}ithium {I}on {B}atteries {I}nduced by
                      {A}cidic or {B}asic {P}ost-treatment},
      journal      = {ACS nano},
      volume       = {15},
      number       = {2},
      issn         = {1936-086X},
      address      = {Washington, DC},
      publisher    = {Soc.},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2021-03353},
      pages        = {3295 - 3308},
      year         = {2021},
      abstract     = {MXenes, as an emerging class of 2D materials, display
                      distinctive physical and chemical properties, which are
                      highly suitable for high-power battery applications, such as
                      lithium ion batteries (LIBs). Ti3C2Tx (Tx = O, OH, F, Cl) is
                      one of the most investigated MXenes to this day; however,
                      most scientific research studies only focus on the design of
                      multilayered or monolayer MXenes. Here, we present a
                      comprehensive study on the synthesis of few-layered Ti3C2Tx
                      materials and their use in LIB cells, in particular for
                      high-rate applications. The synthesized Ti3C2Tx MXenes are
                      characterized via complementary XRD, Raman spectroscopy,
                      XPS, EDX, SEM, TGA, and nitrogen adsorption techniques to
                      clarify the structural and chemical changes, especially
                      regarding the surface groups and intercalated cations/water
                      molecules. The structural changes are correlated with
                      respect to the acidic and basic post-treatment of Ti3C2Tx.
                      Furthermore, the detected alterations are put into an
                      electrochemical perspective via galvanostatic and
                      potentiostatic investigations to study the pseudocapacitive
                      behavior of few-layered Ti3C2Tx, exhibiting a stable
                      capacity of 155 mAh g–1 for 1000 cycles at 5 A g–1. The
                      acidic treatment of Ti3C2Tx synthesized via the in situ
                      formation of HF through LiF/HCl is able to increase the
                      initial capacity in comparison to the pristine or basic
                      treatment. To gain further insights into the structural
                      changes occurring during (de)lithiation, in situ XRD is
                      applied for LIB cells in a voltage range from 0.01 to 3 V to
                      give fundamental mechanistic insights into the structural
                      changes occurring during the first cycles. Thereby, the
                      increased initial capacity observed for acidic-treated
                      MXenes can be explained by the reduced co-intercalation of
                      solvent molecules.},
      cin          = {IEK-1 / IEK-12},
      ddc          = {540},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-1-20101013 / I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-12-20141217},
      pnm          = {1221 - Fundamentals and Materials (POF4-122) / 1223 -
                      Batteries in Application (POF4-122)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-1221 / G:(DE-HGF)POF4-1223},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:33522794},
      UT           = {WOS:000623061800109},
      doi          = {10.1021/acsnano.0c10153},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/894691},
}