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@ARTICLE{Wenig:894827,
      author       = {Wenig, Philipp J. and Ji, Ruiyun and Kelm, Stephan and
                      Klein, Markus},
      title        = {{T}owards {U}ncertainty {Q}uantification of {LES} and
                      {URANS} for the {B}uoyancy-{D}riven {M}ixing {P}rocess
                      between {T}wo {M}iscible {F}luids—{D}ifferentially
                      {H}eated {C}avity of {A}spect {R}atio 4},
      journal      = {Fluids},
      volume       = {6},
      number       = {4},
      issn         = {2311-5521},
      address      = {Belgrade},
      publisher    = {MDPI},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2021-03411},
      pages        = {161 -},
      year         = {2021},
      abstract     = {Numerical simulations are subject to uncertainties due to
                      the imprecise knowledge of physical properties, model
                      parameters, as well as initial and boundary conditions. The
                      assessment of these uncertainties is required for some
                      applications. In the field of Computational Fluid Dynamics
                      (CFD), the reliable prediction of hydrogen distribution and
                      pressure build-up in nuclear reactor containment after a
                      severe reactor accident is a representative application
                      where the assessment of these uncertainties is of essential
                      importance. The inital and boundary conditions that
                      significantly influence the present buoyancy-driven flow are
                      subject to uncertainties. Therefore, the aim is to
                      investigate the propagation of uncertainties in input
                      parameters to the results variables. As a basis for the
                      examination of a representative reactor test containment,
                      the investigations are initially carried out using the
                      Differentially Heated Cavity (DHC) of aspect ratio 4 with
                      Ra=2×109 as a test case from the literature. This allows
                      for gradual method development for guidelines to quantify
                      the uncertainty of natural convection flows in large-scale
                      industrial applications. A dual approach is applied, in
                      which Large Eddy Simulation (LES) is used as reference for
                      the Unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes (URANS)
                      computations. A methodology for the uncertainty
                      quantification in engineering applications with a preceding
                      mesh convergence study and sensitivity analysis is
                      presented. By taking the LES as a reference, the results
                      indicate that URANS is able to predict the underlying mixing
                      process at Ra=2×109 and the variability of the result
                      variables due to parameter uncertainties},
      cin          = {IEK-6},
      ddc          = {530},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-6-20101013},
      pnm          = {1421 - Design Basis Accidents and Materials Research
                      (POF4-142)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-1421},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000642961700001},
      doi          = {10.3390/fluids6040161},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/894827},
}