% IMPORTANT: The following is UTF-8 encoded.  This means that in the presence
% of non-ASCII characters, it will not work with BibTeX 0.99 or older.
% Instead, you should use an up-to-date BibTeX implementation like “bibtex8” or
% “biber”.

@ARTICLE{DorowGerspach:894956,
      author       = {Dorow-Gerspach, D. and Kirchner, A. and Loewenhoff, Th. and
                      Pintsuk, G. and Weißgärber, T. and Wirtz, Marius},
      title        = {{A}dditive manufacturing of high density pure tungsten by
                      electron beam melting},
      journal      = {Nuclear materials and energy},
      volume       = {28},
      issn         = {2352-1791},
      address      = {Amsterdam [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2021-03497},
      pages        = {101046 -},
      year         = {2021},
      abstract     = {Tungsten is an outstanding material and due to its
                      properties like highest melting point and tensile strength
                      of all natural metals and its high thermal conductivity it
                      is a prime candidate for being used in very harsh
                      environments and for challenging applications like X-ray
                      tubes or as plasma facing material (PFM) in fusion reactors.
                      Unfortunately, high brittle to ductile transition
                      temperature and hardness represent a great challenge for
                      classic manufacturing processes. Additive manufacturing (AM)
                      of tungsten could overcome these limitations and resulting
                      design restrictions. However, AM of tungsten also poses
                      challenges in particular related to the production of
                      material of high density and mechanical stability. Using a
                      selective electron beam melting and a base temperature of
                      1000 °C of the powder, we were able to produce tungsten
                      with a theoretical density of 99 $\%$ without the need of
                      any post-treatment like a second melting step or a
                      redensification by e.g. hot isostatic pressing (HIP). The
                      surface morphology, microstructure, hardness, thermal
                      conductivity and stability against severe transient heat
                      loads were investigated with respect to the relevant
                      building parameters and compared with recrystallized
                      standard W. Besides simple test geometries also more
                      sophisticated ones like monoblocks were successfully
                      realized illustrating the potential of AM for fusion.},
      cin          = {IEK-4},
      ddc          = {624},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-4-20101013},
      pnm          = {134 - Plasma-Wand-Wechselwirkung (POF4-134)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-134},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000691545700008},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.nme.2021.101046},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/894956},
}