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@ARTICLE{Aljawad:894961,
      author       = {Aljawad, Hussein and Rüttgers, Mario and Lintermann,
                      Andreas and Schröder, Wolfgang and Lee, Kyungmin Clara},
      title        = {{E}ffects of the {N}asal {C}avity {C}omplexity on the
                      {P}haryngeal {A}irway {F}luid {M}echanics: {A}
                      {C}omputational {S}tudy},
      journal      = {Journal of digital imaging},
      volume       = {34},
      issn         = {0897-1889},
      address      = {Heidelberg},
      publisher    = {Springer},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2021-03501},
      pages        = {1120–1133},
      year         = {2021},
      abstract     = {The impact of the human nasal airway complexity on the
                      pharyngeal airway fluid mechanics is investigated at
                      inspiration. It is the aim to find a suitable degree of
                      geometrical reduction that allows for an efficient
                      segmentation of the human airways from cone-beam computed
                      tomography images. The flow physics is simu- lated by a
                      lattice-Boltzmann method on high-performance computers. For
                      two patients, the flow field through the complete upper
                      airway is compared to results obtained from three surface
                      variants with continuously decreasing complexity. The most
                      complex reduced airway model includes the middle and
                      inferior turbinates, while the moderate model only features
                      the inferior turbinates. In the simplest model, a pipe-like
                      artificial structure is attached to the airway. For each
                      model, the averaged pressure is computed at different cross
                      sections. Furthermore, the flow fields are investigated by
                      means of averaged velocity magnitudes, in-plane velocity
                      vectors, and streamlines. By analyzing the averaged pressure
                      loss from the nostrils to each cross section, it is found
                      that only the most complex reduced models are capable of
                      approximating the pressure distribution from the original
                      geometries. In the moderate models, the geometry reductions
                      lead to overpredictions of the pressure loss in the pharynx.
                      Attaching a pipe-like structure leads to a higher
                      deceleration of the incoming flow and underpredicted
                      pressure losses and velocities, especially in the upper part
                      of the pharynx. Dean-like vortices are observed in the
                      moderate and pipe-like models, since their shape comes close
                      to a 90°-bend elbow pipe.},
      cin          = {JSC},
      ddc          = {004},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)JSC-20090406},
      pnm          = {5111 - Domain-Specific Simulation $\&$ Data Life Cycle Labs
                      (SDLs) and Research Groups (POF4-511) / HDS LEE - Helmholtz
                      School for Data Science in Life, Earth and Energy (HDS LEE)
                      (HDS-LEE-20190612)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-5111 / G:(DE-Juel1)HDS-LEE-20190612},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:34505957},
      UT           = {WOS:000695473600004},
      doi          = {10.1007/s10278-021-00501-x},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/894961},
}