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@ARTICLE{Schmck:897243,
      author       = {Schmäck, J. and Weihermüller, L. and Klotzsche, A. and
                      von Hebel, C. and Pätzold, S. and Welp and Vereecken, H.},
      title        = {{L}arge‐scale detection and quantification of harmful
                      soil compaction in a post‐mining landscape using
                      multi‐configuration electromagnetic induction},
      journal      = {Soil use and management},
      volume       = {38},
      number       = {1},
      issn         = {1475-2743},
      address      = {Oxford [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Wiley-Blackwell},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2021-03705},
      pages        = {212-228},
      year         = {2021},
      abstract     = {Fast and accurate large-scale localization and
                      quantification of harmfully compacted soils in recultivated
                      post-mining landscapes are of particular importance for
                      mining companies and the following farmers. The use of heavy
                      machinery during recultivation imposes soil stress and can
                      cause irreversible subsoil compaction limiting crop growth
                      in the long term. To overcome or guide classical point-scale
                      methods to determine compaction, fast methods covering large
                      areas are required. In our study, a recultivated field of
                      the Garzweiler mine in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, with
                      known variability in crop performance was intensively
                      studied using non-invasive electromagnetic induction (EMI)
                      and electrode-based electrical resistivity tomography (ERT).
                      Additionally, soil bulk density, volumetric soil water
                      content and soil textures were analysed along two transects
                      covering different compaction levels. The results showed
                      that the measured EMI apparent electrical conductivity (ECa)
                      along the transects was highly correlated (R2 > .7 for
                      different dates and depths below 0.3 m) to subsoil bulk
                      density. Finally, the correlations established along the
                      transects were used to predict harmful subsoil compaction
                      within the field, whereby a spatial probabilistic map of
                      zones of harmful compaction was developed. In general, the
                      results revealed the feasibility of using the EMI derived
                      ECa to predict harmful compaction. They can be the basis for
                      quick monitoring of the recultivation process and
                      implementation of necessary melioration to return a
                      well-structured soil with good water and nutrient
                      accessibility, and rooting depths for increased crop yields
                      to the farmers.},
      cin          = {IBG-3},
      ddc          = {640},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBG-3-20101118},
      pnm          = {2173 - Agro-biogeosystems: controls, feedbacks and impact
                      (POF4-217)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-2173},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000728237600001},
      doi          = {10.1111/sum.12763},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/897243},
}