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@ARTICLE{Gonzalez:897428,
      author       = {Gonzalez, Daniel and Postma, Johannes Auke and Wissuwa,
                      Matthias},
      title        = {{C}ost-{B}enefit {A}nalysis of the {U}pland-{R}ice {R}oot
                      {A}rchitecture in {R}elation to {P}hosphate: 3{D}
                      {S}imulations {H}ighlight the {I}mportance of {S}-{T}ype
                      {L}ateral {R}oots for {R}educing the {P}ay-{O}ff {T}ime},
      journal      = {Frontiers in Functional Plant Ecology},
      volume       = {12},
      issn         = {1664-462X},
      address      = {Lausanne},
      publisher    = {Frontiers Media},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2021-03782},
      pages        = {641835},
      year         = {2021},
      abstract     = {The rice root system develops a large number of nodal roots
                      from which two types of lateral roots branch out, large
                      L-types and fine S-types, the latter being unique to the
                      species. All roots including S-types are covered by root
                      hairs. To what extent these fine structures contribute to
                      phosphate (P) uptake under P deficiency was investigated
                      using a novel 3-D root growth model that treats root hairs
                      as individual structures with their own Michaelis-Menten
                      uptake kinetics. Model simulations indicated that nodal
                      roots contribute most to P uptake followed by L-type lateral
                      roots and S-type laterals and root hairs. This is due to the
                      much larger root surface area of thicker nodal roots. This
                      thickness, however, also meant that the investment in terms
                      of P needed for producing nodal roots was very large.
                      Simulations relating P costs and time needed to recover that
                      cost through P uptake suggest that producing nodal roots
                      represents a considerable burden to a P-starved plant, with
                      more than 20 times longer pay-off time compared to S-type
                      laterals and root hairs. We estimated that the P cost of
                      these fine root structures is low enough to be recovered
                      within a day of their formation. These results expose a
                      dilemma in terms of optimizing root system architecture to
                      overcome P deficiency: P uptake could be maximized by
                      developing more nodal root tissue, but when P is
                      growth-limiting, adding more nodal root tissue represents an
                      inefficient use of the limiting factor P. In order to
                      improve adaption to P deficiency in rice breeding two
                      complementary strategies seem to exist: (1) decreasing the
                      cost or pay-off time of nodal roots and (2) increase the
                      biomass allocation to S-type roots and root hairs. To what
                      extent genotypic variation exists within the rice gene pool
                      for either strategy should be investigated.},
      cin          = {IBG-2},
      ddc          = {570},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBG-2-20101118},
      pnm          = {2171 - Biological and environmental resources for
                      sustainable use (POF4-217)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-2171},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:33777076},
      UT           = {WOS:000633028200001},
      doi          = {10.3389/fpls.2021.641835},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/897428},
}