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@ARTICLE{Zhang:897456,
      author       = {Zhang, Qian and Schierholz, Roland and Dzieciol, Krzysztof
                      and Yu, Shicheng and Tempel, Hermann and Kungl, Hans and
                      Eichel, Rüdiger-A.},
      title        = {{M}icrostructural details of spindle-like lithium
                      titaniumphosphate revealed in three dimensions},
      journal      = {RSC Advances},
      volume       = {11},
      number       = {55},
      issn         = {2046-2069},
      address      = {London},
      publisher    = {RSC Publishing},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2021-03794},
      pages        = {34605 - 34612},
      year         = {2021},
      abstract     = {Lithium titanium phosphate LiTi2(PO4)3 is an electrode
                      material for lithium-ion batteries with a specific capacity
                      of 138 mA h g−1. Owing to its potential of 2.5 V vs.
                      Li/Li+ it provides an electrochemically stable interface
                      when used as an anode in all-solid state batteries with
                      NASICON type lithium aluminium titanium phosphate
                      electrolyte. High performance has been identified for in
                      situ carbon coated LiTi2(PO4)3 synthesized via a
                      hydrothermal route, resulting in micro-scaled spindle shaped
                      particles consisting of nano-scaled sub-particles. To
                      elucidate the internal microstructure of these spindle-like
                      particles in three dimensions we applied tomographic Focused
                      Ion Beam – Scanning Electron Microscopy. For more detailed
                      chemical analysis we performed electron-energy loss
                      spectroscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy in the
                      scanning electron microscope as well as high resolution
                      (scanning) transmission electron microscopy for structural
                      insight. It could be clearly shown that the spindle-like
                      particles mainly are made up of LiTi2(PO4)3 sub-particles in
                      the 100 to 400 nm range. Additionally, two types of
                      secondary phase materials were identified. LiTiOPO4, which
                      shows different surface morphology, as a volume component of
                      the spindles and TiO2 nanoparticles (anatase), which are not
                      only present at the particle surface but also inside the
                      spindle, were detected. Reconstruction from tomography
                      reveals the nanoparticles form a three-dimensionally
                      interconnected network even though their phase fraction is
                      low.},
      cin          = {IEK-9},
      ddc          = {540},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-9-20110218},
      pnm          = {1223 - Batteries in Application (POF4-122)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-1223},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000711118300001},
      doi          = {10.1039/D1RA05754E},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/897456},
}