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000901829 0247_ $$2doi$$a10.1016/j.ecolind.2021.107841
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000901829 1001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aGeorge, Jan-Peter$$b0$$eCorresponding author
000901829 245__ $$aMethod comparison of indirect assessments of understory leaf area index (LAIu): A case study across the extended network of ICOS forest ecosystem sites in Europe
000901829 260__ $$aAmsterdam [u.a.]$$bElsevier Science$$c2021
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000901829 520__ $$aLeaf area index (LAI) is a key ecological indicator for describing the structure of canopies and for modelling energy exchange between atmosphere and biosphere. While LAI of the forest overstory can be accurately assessed over large spatial scales via remote sensing, LAI of the forest understory (LAIu) is still largely ignored in ecological studies and ecosystem modelling due to the fact that it is often too complex to be destructively sampled or approximated by other site parameters. Additionally, so far only few attempts have been made to retrieve understory LAI via remote sensing, because dense canopies with high LAI are often hindering retrieval algorithms to produce meaningful estimates for understory LAI. Consequently, the forest understory still constitutes a poorly investigated research realm impeding ecological studies to properly account for its contribution to the energy absorption capacity of forest stands. This study aims to compare three conceptually different indirect retrieval methodologies for LAIu over a diverse panel of forest understory types distributed across Europe. For this we carried out near-to-surface measurements of understory reflectance spectra as well as digital surface photography over the extended network of Integrated Carbon Observation System (ICOS) forest ecosystem sites. LAIu was assessed by exploiting the empirical relationship between vegetation cover and light absorption (Beer-Lambert- Bouguer law) as well as by utilizing proposed relationships with two prominent vegetation indices: normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and simple ratio (SR). Retrievals from the three methods were significantly correlated with each other (r = 0.63–0.99, RMSE = 0.53–0.72), but exhibited also significant bias depending on the LAI scale. The NDVI based retrieval approach most likely overestimates LAI at productive sites when LAIu > 2, while the simple ratio algorithm overestimates LAIu at sites with sparse understory vegetation and presence of litter or bare soil. The purely empirical method based on the Beer-Lambert law of light absorption seems to offer a good compromise, since it provides reasonable LAIu values at both low and higher LAI ranges. Surprisingly, LAIu variation among sites seems to be largely decoupled from differences in climate and light permeability of the overstory, but significantly increased with vegetation diversity (expressed as species richness) and hence proposes new applications of LAIu in ecological modelling.
000901829 536__ $$0G:(DE-HGF)POF4-2173$$a2173 - Agro-biogeosystems: controls, feedbacks and impact (POF4-217)$$cPOF4-217$$fPOF IV$$x0
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000901829 7001_ $$0P:(DE-Juel1)176123$$aYang, Wei$$b1$$ufzj
000901829 7001_ $$0P:(DE-Juel1)136926$$aKobayashi, Hideki$$b2
000901829 7001_ $$00000-0001-8538-1495$$aBiermann, Tobias$$b3
000901829 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aCarrara, Arnaud$$b4
000901829 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aCremonese, Edoardo$$b5
000901829 7001_ $$00000-0002-5966-1829$$aCuntz, Matthias$$b6
000901829 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aFares, Silvano$$b7
000901829 7001_ $$00000-0002-5352-3222$$aGerosa, Giacomo$$b8
000901829 7001_ $$00000-0003-2263-0073$$aGrünwald, Thomas$$b9
000901829 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aHase, Niklas$$b10
000901829 7001_ $$00000-0003-2635-9604$$aHeliasz, Michael$$b11
000901829 7001_ $$00000-0002-1341-921X$$aIbrom, Andreas$$b12
000901829 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aKnohl, Alexander$$b13
000901829 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aKruijt, Bart$$b14
000901829 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aLange, Holger$$b15
000901829 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aLimousin, Jean-Marc$$b16
000901829 7001_ $$00000-0003-3990-400X$$aLoustau, Denis$$b17
000901829 7001_ $$aLukeš, Petr$$b18
000901829 7001_ $$aMarzuoli, Riccardo$$b19
000901829 7001_ $$aMölder, Meelis$$b20
000901829 7001_ $$aMontagnani, Leonardo$$b21
000901829 7001_ $$aNeirynck, Johan$$b22
000901829 7001_ $$00000-0002-9940-5846$$aPeichl, Matthias$$b23
000901829 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aRebmann, Corinna$$b24
000901829 7001_ $$0P:(DE-Juel1)144420$$aSchmidt, Marius$$b25
000901829 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aSerrano, Francisco Ramon Lopez$$b26
000901829 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aSoudani, Kamel$$b27
000901829 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aVincke, Caroline$$b28
000901829 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aPisek, Jan$$b29
000901829 773__ $$0PERI:(DE-600)2063587-4$$a10.1016/j.ecolind.2021.107841$$gVol. 128, p. 107841 -$$p107841$$tEcological indicators$$v128$$x1470-160X$$y2021
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