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@ARTICLE{Mann:902099,
      author       = {Mann, Markus and Küpers, Michael and Häuschen, Grit and
                      Finsterbusch, Martin and Fattakhova-Rohlfing, Dina and
                      Guillon, Olivier},
      title        = {{T}he influence of hafnium impurities on the
                      electrochemical performance of tantalum substituted
                      {L}i7{L}a3{Z}r2{O}12 solid electrolytes},
      journal      = {Ionics},
      volume       = {28},
      number       = {1},
      issn         = {1862-0760},
      address      = {Heidelberg},
      publisher    = {Springer},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2021-04032},
      pages        = {53 - 62},
      year         = {2021},
      abstract     = {Garnet-based Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO) is considered one of the
                      most promising oxide-ceramic solid electrolyte materials for
                      inorganic all-solid-state batteries. Dopants and
                      substituents like Al, Ta, Nb, Ga, and W were shown to have a
                      high impact on the total ionic conductivity, increasing it
                      from 10−6 S/cm up to 10−3 S/cm. However, natural
                      zirconium sources always contain a small amount of hafnium
                      which could also act as dopant, but the separation of these
                      two elements is complicated and expensive. In this work, we
                      investigate the influence of various Hf-impurity
                      concentrations on the performance of tan-talum-doped LLZO.
                      We synthesised Li6.45Al0.05La3Zr1.6−xHfxTa0.4O12 (LLZHO
                      with x = 0 – 1.6) via conventional solid-state synthesis
                      and have demonstrated that up to x = 0.1, hafnium impurities
                      do not have a significant impact on the performance of the
                      material. Above this concentration, the Li-ion conductivity
                      is steadily reduced to around $70\%$ when zirconium is fully
                      substituted by hafnium resulting in
                      Li6.45Al0.05La3Hf1.6Ta0.4O12. As the purity of Zr precursors
                      has a great impact on their price, these findings can help
                      to reduce the price of LLZO in general, as lower grade
                      zirconium can be used in industrial scale applications.},
      cin          = {IEK-1},
      ddc          = {530},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-1-20101013},
      pnm          = {1222 - Components and Cells (POF4-122) / LISZUBA -
                      Lithium-Schwefel-Feststoffbatterien als Zukunftsbatterie
                      (03XP0115B) / FestBatt-Oxide - Materialplattform 'Oxide' im
                      Rahmen des Kompetenzclusters für Festkörperbatterien
                      (13XP0173A)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-1222 / G:(BMBF)03XP0115B /
                      G:(BMBF)13XP0173A},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000705733500001},
      doi          = {10.1007/s11581-021-04300-w},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/902099},
}