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@ARTICLE{Denneulin:902149,
      author       = {Denneulin, Thibaud and Caron, Jan and Müller-Caspary, Knut
                      and Boulle, Olivier and Kovács, András and
                      Dunin-Borkowski, Rafal E.},
      title        = {{V}isibility and {A}pparent {S}ize of {N}éel-{T}ype
                      {M}agnetic {S}kyrmions in {F}resnel {D}efocus {I}mages of
                      {M}ultilayer {F}ilms},
      journal      = {Microscopy and microanalysis},
      volume       = {27},
      number       = {6},
      issn         = {1435-8115},
      address      = {New York, NY},
      publisher    = {Cambridge University Press},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2021-04059},
      pages        = {1356-1365},
      year         = {2021},
      abstract     = {Multilayers that comprise thin films of heavy metals and
                      ferromagnets have been shown to host Néel-type magnetic
                      skyrmions at room temperature. Fresnel defocus imaging in
                      Lorentz transmission electron microscopy is a widely used
                      technique for recording magnetic information about
                      skyrmions. However, the visibility of Néel-type skyrmions
                      in Fresnel defocus images is typically low, both because
                      only a small component of their magnetic field contributes
                      to the signal and because of the presence of diffraction
                      contrast from the polycrystalline multilayer structure.
                      Here, we take advantage of the out-of-plane hysteresis in
                      such samples to record background-subtracted Fresnel defocus
                      images. We demonstrate an improvement in magnetic
                      signal-to-noise ratio and spatial resolution by a factor of
                      3 for a (Pt/Co/NiFe)×5 multilayer. We also use simulated
                      Fresnel defocus images of Néel-type magnetic skyrmions to
                      understand the influence of defocus on apparent skyrmion
                      size.},
      cin          = {ER-C-1},
      ddc          = {500},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)ER-C-1-20170209},
      pnm          = {5351 - Platform for Correlative, In Situ and Operando
                      Characterization (POF4-535) / DARPA, Phase 2 - Defense
                      Advanced Research Projects Agency Manipulation of magnetic
                      skyrmions for logicin- memory applications (Z1422.01.18) /
                      3D MAGiC - Three-dimensional magnetization textures:
                      Discovery and control on the nanoscale (856538) / ESTEEM3 -
                      Enabling Science and Technology through European Electron
                      Microscopy (823717)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-5351 / G:(DE-Juel-1)Z1422.01.18 /
                      G:(EU-Grant)856538 / G:(EU-Grant)823717},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000729816600007},
      doi          = {10.1017/S1431927621012927},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/902149},
}