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@ARTICLE{Pierling:902227,
      author       = {Pierling, Anna L. and Elmenhorst, Eva-Maria and Lange,
                      Denise and Hennecke, Eva and Baur, Diego M. and Beer, Simone
                      and Kroll, Tina and Neumaier, Bernd and Aeschbach, Daniel
                      and Bauer, Andreas and Landolt, Hans-Peter and Elmenhorst,
                      David},
      title        = {{C}erebral {A}1 adenosine receptor availability in female
                      and male participants and its relationship to sleep},
      journal      = {NeuroImage},
      volume       = {245},
      issn         = {1053-8119},
      address      = {Orlando, Fla.},
      publisher    = {Academic Press},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2021-04113},
      pages        = {118695 -},
      year         = {2021},
      abstract     = {The neuromodulator adenosine and its receptors are
                      mediators of sleep-wake regulation which is known to differ
                      between sexes. We, therefore, investigated sex differences
                      in A1 adenosine receptor (A1AR) availability in healthy
                      human subjects under well-rested conditions using [18F]CPFPX
                      and positron emission tomography (PET). [18F]CPFPX PET scans
                      were acquired in 50 healthy human participants (20 females;
                      mean age ± SD 28.0 ± 5.3 years). Mean binding potential
                      (BPND; Logan's reference tissue model with cerebellum as
                      reference region) and volume of distribution (VT) values
                      were calculated in 12 and 15 grey matter brain regions,
                      respectively. [18F]CPFPX BPND was higher in females compared
                      to males in all investigated brain regions (p < 0.025). The
                      largest differences were found in the pallidum and anterior
                      cingulate cortex, where mean BPND values were higher by
                      $29\%$ in females than in males. In females, sleep
                      efficiency correlated positively and sleep latency
                      negatively with BPND in most brain regions. VT values did
                      not differ between sexes. Sleep efficiency correlated
                      positively with VT in most brain regions in female
                      participants. In conclusion, our analysis gives a first
                      indication for potential sex differences in A1AR
                      availability even under well-rested conditions. A1AR
                      availability as measured by [18F]CPFPX BPND is higher in
                      females compared to males. Considering the involvement of
                      adenosine in sleep-wake control, this finding might
                      partially explain the known sex differences in sleep
                      efficiency and sleep latency},
      cin          = {INM-2 / INM-5},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)INM-2-20090406 / I:(DE-Juel1)INM-5-20090406},
      pnm          = {315 - Bildgebung und Radioonkologie (POF4-315) / SleepLess
                      - Darstellung synaptischer Plastizität während
                      therapeutischen Schlafentzugs in Depression (01EW1808) /
                      5253 - Neuroimaging (POF4-525)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-315 / G:(BMBF)01EW1808 /
                      G:(DE-HGF)POF4-5253},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {34732326},
      UT           = {WOS:000719341600005},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118695},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/902227},
}