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@ARTICLE{Tadic:902276,
      author       = {Tadic, Ivan and Nussbaumer, Clara M. and Bohn, Birger and
                      Harder, Hartwig and Marno, Daniel and Martinez, Monica and
                      Obersteiner, Florian and Parchatka, Uwe and Pozzer, Andrea
                      and Rohloff, Roland and Zöger, Martin and Lelieveld, Jos
                      and Fischer, Horst},
      title        = {{C}entral role of nitric oxide in ozone production in the
                      upper tropical troposphere over the {A}tlantic {O}cean and
                      western {A}frica},
      journal      = {Atmospheric chemistry and physics},
      volume       = {21},
      number       = {10},
      issn         = {1680-7324},
      address      = {Katlenburg-Lindau},
      publisher    = {EGU},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2021-04139},
      pages        = {8195 - 8211},
      year         = {2021},
      abstract     = {Mechanisms of tropospheric ozone (O3) formation are
                      generally well understood. However, studies reporting on net
                      ozone production rates (NOPRs) directly derived from in situ
                      observations are challenging and are sparse in number. To
                      analyze the role of nitric oxide (NO) in net ozone
                      production in the upper tropical troposphere above the
                      Atlantic Ocean and western Africa, we present in situ trace
                      gas observations obtained during the CAFE-Africa (Chemistry
                      of the Atmosphere: Field Experiment in Africa) campaign in
                      August and September 2018. The vertical profile of in situ
                      measured NO along the flight tracks reveals lowest NO mixing
                      ratios of less than 20 pptv between 2 and 8 km altitude
                      and highest mixing ratios of 0.15–0.2 ppbv above 12 km
                      altitude. Spatial distribution of tropospheric NO above
                      12 km altitude shows that the sporadically enhanced local
                      mixing ratios (>0.4 ppbv) occur over western Africa, which
                      we attribute to episodic lightning events. Measured O3 shows
                      little variability in mixing ratios at 60–70 ppbv, with
                      slightly decreasing and increasing tendencies towards the
                      boundary layer and stratosphere, respectively. Concurrent
                      measurements of CO, CH4, OH, HO2 and H2O enable calculations
                      of NOPRs along the flight tracks and reveal net ozone
                      destruction at −0.6 to −0.2 ppbv h−1 below 6 km
                      altitude and balance of production and destruction around
                      7–8 km altitude. We report vertical average NOPRs of
                      0.2–0.4 ppbv h−1 above 12 km altitude with NOPRs
                      occasionally larger than 0.5 ppbv h−1 over western
                      Africa coincident with enhanced NO. We compare the
                      observational results to simulated data retrieved from the
                      general circulation model ECHAM/MESSy Atmospheric Chemistry
                      (EMAC). Although the comparison of mean vertical profiles of
                      NO and O3 indicates good agreement, local deviations between
                      measured and modeled NO are substantial. The vertical
                      tendencies in NOPRs calculated from simulated data largely
                      reproduce those from in situ experimental data. However, the
                      simulation results do not agree well with NOPRs over western
                      Africa. Both measurements and simulations indicate that
                      ozone formation in the upper tropical troposphere is NOx
                      limited.},
      cin          = {IEK-8},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-8-20101013},
      pnm          = {2111 - Air Quality (POF4-211)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-2111},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000657177200004},
      doi          = {10.5194/acp-21-8195-2021},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/902276},
}