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@ARTICLE{Loutati:902355,
      author       = {Loutati, A. and Sohn, Y. J. and Tietz, F.},
      title        = {{P}hase‐field {D}etermination of {N}a{SICON} {M}aterials
                      in the {Q}uaternary {S}ystem {N}a 2 {O}−{P} 2 {O} 5
                      −{S}i{O} 2 −{Z}r{O} 2 : {T}he {S}eries {N}a 3 {Z}r 3–x
                      {S}i 2 {P} x {O} 11.5+x/2},
      journal      = {ChemPhysChem},
      volume       = {22},
      number       = {10},
      issn         = {1439-7641},
      address      = {Weinheim},
      publisher    = {Wiley-VCH Verl.},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2021-04204},
      pages        = {995 - 1007},
      year         = {2021},
      abstract     = {Two types of solid electrolytes have reached technological
                      relevance in the field of sodium batteries:
                      ß/ß”-aluminas and NaSICON-type materials. Today,
                      significant attention is paid to room-temperature stationary
                      electricity storage technologies and all-solid-state Na
                      batteries used in combination with these solid electrolytes
                      are an emerging research field besides sodium-ion batteries.
                      In comparison, NaSICON materials can be processed at lower
                      sintering temperatures than the ß/ß”-aluminas and have a
                      similarly attractive ionic conductivity. Since
                      Na2O−SiO2−ZrO2−P2O5 ceramics offer wider compositional
                      variability, the series Na3Zr3–xSi2PxO11.5+x/2 with seven
                      compositions (0≤x≤3) was selected from the
                      quasi-quaternary phase diagram in order to identify the
                      predominant stability region of NaSICON within this series
                      and to explore the full potential of such materials,
                      including the original NaSICON composition of Na3Zr2Si2POl2
                      as a reference. Several characterization techniques were
                      used for the purpose of better understanding the
                      relationships between processing and properties of the
                      ceramics. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that the phase
                      region of NaSICON materials is larger than expected.
                      Moreover, new ceramic NaSICON materials were discovered in
                      the system crystallizing with a monoclinic NaSICON structure
                      (space group C2/c). Impedance spectroscopy was utilized to
                      investigate the ionic conductivity, giving clear evidence
                      for a dependence on crystal symmetry. The monoclinic NaSICON
                      structure showed the highest ionic conductivity with an
                      optimum ionic conductivity of 1.22×10−3 at 25 °C for
                      the composition Na3Zr2Si2PO12. As the degree of P5+ content
                      increases, the total ionic conductivity is initially
                      enhanced until x=1 and then decreases again. Simultaneously,
                      the increasing amount of phosphorus leads a decrease in the
                      sintering temperatures for all samples, which was confirmed
                      by dilatometry measurements. The thermal and microstructural
                      properties of the prepared samples are also evaluated and
                      discussed.},
      cin          = {IEK-1 / IEK-12},
      ddc          = {540},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-1-20101013 / I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-12-20141217},
      pnm          = {1221 - Fundamentals and Materials (POF4-122)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-1221},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:33760337},
      UT           = {WOS:000646324000001},
      doi          = {10.1002/cphc.202100032},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/902355},
}