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@ARTICLE{Mann:902373,
      author       = {Mann, Markus and Küpers, Michael and Häuschen, Grit and
                      Finsterbusch, Martin and Fattakhova-Rohlfing, Dina and
                      Guillon, Olivier},
      title        = {{E}valuation of {S}calable {S}ynthesis {M}ethods for
                      {A}luminum-{S}ubstituted {L}i7{L}a3{Z}r2{O}12 {S}olid
                      {E}lectrolytes},
      journal      = {Materials},
      volume       = {14},
      number       = {22},
      issn         = {1996-1944},
      address      = {Basel},
      publisher    = {MDPI},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2021-04207},
      pages        = {6809 -},
      year         = {2021},
      abstract     = {Solid electrolyte is the key component in all-solid-state
                      batteries (ASBs). It is required in electrodes to enhance
                      Li-conductivity and can be directly used as a separator.
                      With its high Li-conductivity and chemical stability towards
                      metallic lithium, lithium-stuffed garnet material
                      Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO) is considered one of the most promising
                      solid electrolyte materials for high-energy ceramic ASBs.
                      However, in order to obtain high conductivities, rare-earth
                      elements such as tantalum or niobium are used to stabilize
                      the highly conductive cubic phase. This stabilization can
                      also be obtained via high levels of aluminum, reducing the
                      cost of LLZO but also reducing processability and the
                      Li-conductivity. To find the sweet spot for a potential
                      market introduction of garnet-based solid-state batteries,
                      scalable and industrially usable syntheses of LLZO with high
                      processability and good conductivity are indispensable. In
                      this study, four different synthesis methods (solid-state
                      reaction (SSR), solution-assisted solid-state reaction
                      (SASSR), co-precipitation (CP), and spray-drying (SD)) were
                      used and compared for the synthesis of aluminum-substituted
                      LLZO (Al:LLZO, Li6.4Al0.2La3Zr2O12), focusing on
                      electrochemical performance on the one hand and scalability
                      and environmental footprint on the other hand. The synthesis
                      was successful via all four methods, resulting in a Li-ion
                      conductivity of 2.0–3.3 × 10−4 S/cm. By using
                      wet-chemical synthesis methods, the calcination time could
                      be reduced from two calcination steps for 20 h at 850 °C
                      and 1000 °C to only 1 h at 1000 °C for the spray-drying
                      method. We were able to scale the synthesis up to a kg-scale
                      and show the potential of the different synthesis methods
                      for mass production.},
      cin          = {IEK-1},
      ddc          = {600},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-1-20101013},
      pnm          = {1222 - Components and Cells (POF4-122)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-1222},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:34832211},
      UT           = {WOS:000725233100001},
      doi          = {10.3390/ma14226809},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/902373},
}