000902375 001__ 902375 000902375 005__ 20240712101027.0 000902375 0247_ $$2doi$$a10.5194/acp-2021-500 000902375 0247_ $$2Handle$$a2128/29003 000902375 0247_ $$2altmetric$$aaltmetric:109244045 000902375 037__ $$aFZJ-2021-04209 000902375 1001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aAndrés Hernández, M. Dolores$$b0$$eCorresponding author 000902375 245__ $$aOverview: On the transport and transformation of pollutants in the outflow of major population centres – observational data from the EMeRGe European intensive operational period in summer 2017 000902375 260__ $$c2021 000902375 3367_ $$0PUB:(DE-HGF)25$$2PUB:(DE-HGF)$$aPreprint$$bpreprint$$mpreprint$$s1636704459_30170 000902375 3367_ $$2ORCID$$aWORKING_PAPER 000902375 3367_ $$028$$2EndNote$$aElectronic Article 000902375 3367_ $$2DRIVER$$apreprint 000902375 3367_ $$2BibTeX$$aARTICLE 000902375 3367_ $$2DataCite$$aOutput Types/Working Paper 000902375 520__ $$aAbstract. EMeRGe (Effect of Megacities on the transport and transformation of pollutants on the Regional to Global scales) is an international project focusing on atmospheric chemistry, dynamics and transport of local and regional pollution originating in megacities and other major population centres (MPCs). Airborne measurements, taking advantage of the long range capabilities of the HALO research platform (High Altitude and Long range research aircraft, www.halo-spp.de), are a central part of the research project. In order to provide an adequate set of measurements at different spatial scales, two field experiments were positioned in time and space to contrast situations when the photochemical transformation of plumes emerging from MPCs is large. These experiments were conducted in summer 2017 over Europe and in the inter-monsoon period over Asia in spring 2018. The intensive observational periods (IOP) involved HALO airborne measurements of ozone and its precursors, volatile organic compounds, aerosol particles and related species as well as coordinated ground-based ancillary observations at different sites. Perfluorocarbon (PFC) tracer releases and model forecasts supported the flight planning and the identification of pollution plumes. This paper describes the experimental deployment of the IOP in Europe, which comprised 7 HALO research flights with aircraft base in Oberpfaffenhofen (Germany) for a total of 53 flight hours. The MPC targets London (Great Britain), Benelux/Ruhr area (Belgium, The Netherlands, Luxembourg and Germany), Paris (France), Rome and Po Valley (Italy), Madrid and Barcelona (Spain) were investigated. An in-flight comparison of HALO with the collaborating UK-airborne platform FAAM took place to assure accuracy and comparability of the instrumentation on-board. Generally, significant enhancement of trace gases and aerosol particles are attributed to emissions originating in MPCs at distances of hundreds of kilometres from the sources. The proximity of different MPCs over Europe favours the mixing of plumes of different origin and level of processing and hampers the unambiguous attribution of the MPC sources. Similarly, urban plumes mix efficiently with natural sources as desert dust and with biomass burning emissions from vegetation and forest fires. This confirms the importance of wildland fire emissions in Europe and indicates an important but discontinuous contribution to the European emission budget that might be of relevance in the design of efficient mitigation strategies. The synergistic use and consistent interpretation of observational data sets of different spatial and temporal resolution (e.g. from ground-based networks, airborne campaigns, and satellite measurements) supported by modelling within EMeRGe, provides a unique insight to test the current understanding of MPC pollution outflows. The present work provides an overview of the most salient results and scientific questions in the European context, these being addressed in more detail within additional dedicated EMeRGe studies. The deployment and results obtained in Asia will be the subject of separate publications. 000902375 536__ $$0G:(DE-HGF)POF4-2111$$a2111 - Air Quality (POF4-211)$$cPOF4-211$$fPOF IV$$x0 000902375 588__ $$aDataset connected to CrossRef 000902375 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aHilboll, Andreas$$b1 000902375 7001_ $$00000-0001-5483-5669$$aZiereis, Helmut$$b2 000902375 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aFörster, Eric$$b3 000902375 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aKrüger, Ovid O.$$b4 000902375 7001_ $$00000-0002-3162-2502$$aKaiser, Katharina$$b5 000902375 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aSchneider, Johannes$$b6 000902375 7001_ $$00000-0002-1927-6926$$aBarnaba, Francesca$$b7 000902375 7001_ $$00000-0001-8292-8352$$aVrekoussis, Mihalis$$b8 000902375 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aSchmidt, Jörg$$b9 000902375 7001_ $$00000-0001-8046-1859$$aHuntrieser, Heidi$$b10 000902375 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aBlechschmidt, Anne-Marlene$$b11 000902375 7001_ $$00000-0002-6076-3902$$aGeorge, Midhun$$b12 000902375 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aNenakhov, Vladyslav$$b13 000902375 7001_ $$00000-0002-1792-6649$$aKlausner, Theresa$$b14 000902375 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aHolanda, Bruna A.$$b15 000902375 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aWolf, Jennifer$$b16 000902375 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aEirenschmalz, Lisa$$b17 000902375 7001_ $$00000-0002-7891-1950$$aKrebsbach, Marc$$b18 000902375 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aPöhlker, Mira L.$$b19 000902375 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aHedegaard, Anna B.$$b20 000902375 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aMei, Linlu$$b21 000902375 7001_ $$00000-0002-7851-6029$$aPfeilsticker, Klaus$$b22 000902375 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aLiu, Yangzhuoran$$b23 000902375 7001_ $$0P:(DE-Juel1)16343$$aKoppmann, Ralf$$b24 000902375 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aSchlager, Hans$$b25 000902375 7001_ $$0P:(DE-Juel1)2693$$aBohn, Birger$$b26 000902375 7001_ $$00000-0001-5255-6869$$aSchumann, Ulrich$$b27 000902375 7001_ $$0P:(DE-Juel1)125471$$aRichter, Andreas$$b28$$ufzj 000902375 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aSchreiner, Benjamin$$b29 000902375 7001_ $$00000-0002-0317-5063$$aSauer, Daniel$$b30 000902375 7001_ $$00000-0001-6611-5343$$aBaumann, Robert$$b31 000902375 7001_ $$00000-0003-3549-6889$$aMertens, Mariano$$b32 000902375 7001_ $$0P:(DE-Juel1)188765$$aJöckel, Patrick$$b33 000902375 7001_ $$00000-0001-8199-0920$$aKilian, Markus$$b34 000902375 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aStratmann, Greta$$b35 000902375 7001_ $$00000-0001-6958-425X$$aPöhlker, Christopher$$b36 000902375 7001_ $$00000-0001-6505-8164$$aCampanelli, Monica$$b37 000902375 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aPandolfi, Marco$$b38 000902375 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aSicard, Michael$$b39 000902375 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aGomez-Amo, Jose L.$$b40 000902375 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aPujadas, Manuel$$b41 000902375 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aBigge, Katja$$b42 000902375 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aKluge, Flora$$b43 000902375 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aSchwarz, Anja$$b44 000902375 7001_ $$00000-0002-2409-0392$$aDaskalakis, Nikos$$b45 000902375 7001_ $$00000-0001-6807-5007$$aWalter, David$$b46 000902375 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aZahn, Andreas$$b47 000902375 7001_ $$00000-0003-1412-3557$$aPöschl, Ulrich$$b48 000902375 7001_ $$00000-0002-1004-0861$$aBönisch, Harald$$b49 000902375 7001_ $$00000-0002-4774-9380$$aBorrmann, Stephan$$b50 000902375 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aPlatt, Ulrich$$b51 000902375 7001_ $$00000-0003-1547-8130$$aBurrows, John Phillip$$b52 000902375 773__ $$a10.5194/acp-2021-500 000902375 8564_ $$uhttps://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/902375/files/acp-2021-500.pdf$$yOpenAccess 000902375 909CO $$ooai:juser.fz-juelich.de:902375$$pdnbdelivery$$pdriver$$pVDB$$popen_access$$popenaire 000902375 9101_ $$0I:(DE-588b)5008462-8$$6P:(DE-Juel1)2693$$aForschungszentrum Jülich$$b26$$kFZJ 000902375 9101_ $$0I:(DE-588b)5008462-8$$6P:(DE-Juel1)125471$$aForschungszentrum Jülich$$b28$$kFZJ 000902375 9101_ $$0I:(DE-588b)5008462-8$$6P:(DE-Juel1)188765$$aForschungszentrum Jülich$$b33$$kFZJ 000902375 9131_ $$0G:(DE-HGF)POF4-211$$1G:(DE-HGF)POF4-210$$2G:(DE-HGF)POF4-200$$3G:(DE-HGF)POF4$$4G:(DE-HGF)POF$$9G:(DE-HGF)POF4-2111$$aDE-HGF$$bForschungsbereich Erde und Umwelt$$lErde im Wandel – Unsere Zukunft nachhaltig gestalten$$vDie Atmosphäre im globalen Wandel$$x0 000902375 9141_ $$y2021 000902375 915__ $$0StatID:(DE-HGF)0510$$2StatID$$aOpenAccess 000902375 915__ $$0LIC:(DE-HGF)CCBY4$$2HGFVOC$$aCreative Commons Attribution CC BY 4.0 000902375 9201_ $$0I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-8-20101013$$kIEK-8$$lTroposphäre$$x0 000902375 9801_ $$aFullTexts 000902375 980__ $$apreprint 000902375 980__ $$aVDB 000902375 980__ $$aUNRESTRICTED 000902375 980__ $$aI:(DE-Juel1)IEK-8-20101013 000902375 981__ $$aI:(DE-Juel1)ICE-3-20101013