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@ARTICLE{AndrsHernndez:902375,
      author       = {Andrés Hernández, M. Dolores and Hilboll, Andreas and
                      Ziereis, Helmut and Förster, Eric and Krüger, Ovid O. and
                      Kaiser, Katharina and Schneider, Johannes and Barnaba,
                      Francesca and Vrekoussis, Mihalis and Schmidt, Jörg and
                      Huntrieser, Heidi and Blechschmidt, Anne-Marlene and George,
                      Midhun and Nenakhov, Vladyslav and Klausner, Theresa and
                      Holanda, Bruna A. and Wolf, Jennifer and Eirenschmalz, Lisa
                      and Krebsbach, Marc and Pöhlker, Mira L. and Hedegaard,
                      Anna B. and Mei, Linlu and Pfeilsticker, Klaus and Liu,
                      Yangzhuoran and Koppmann, Ralf and Schlager, Hans and Bohn,
                      Birger and Schumann, Ulrich and Richter, Andreas and
                      Schreiner, Benjamin and Sauer, Daniel and Baumann, Robert
                      and Mertens, Mariano and Jöckel, Patrick and Kilian, Markus
                      and Stratmann, Greta and Pöhlker, Christopher and
                      Campanelli, Monica and Pandolfi, Marco and Sicard, Michael
                      and Gomez-Amo, Jose L. and Pujadas, Manuel and Bigge, Katja
                      and Kluge, Flora and Schwarz, Anja and Daskalakis, Nikos and
                      Walter, David and Zahn, Andreas and Pöschl, Ulrich and
                      Bönisch, Harald and Borrmann, Stephan and Platt, Ulrich and
                      Burrows, John Phillip},
      title        = {{O}verview: {O}n the transport and transformation of
                      pollutants in the outflow of major population centres –
                      observational data from the {EM}e{RG}e {E}uropean intensive
                      operational period in summer 2017},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2021-04209},
      year         = {2021},
      abstract     = {Abstract. EMeRGe (Effect of Megacities on the transport and
                      transformation of pollutants on the Regional to Global
                      scales) is an international project focusing on atmospheric
                      chemistry, dynamics and transport of local and regional
                      pollution originating in megacities and other major
                      population centres (MPCs). Airborne measurements, taking
                      advantage of the long range capabilities of the HALO
                      research platform (High Altitude and Long range research
                      aircraft, www.halo-spp.de), are a central part of the
                      research project. In order to provide an adequate set of
                      measurements at different spatial scales, two field
                      experiments were positioned in time and space to contrast
                      situations when the photochemical transformation of plumes
                      emerging from MPCs is large. These experiments were
                      conducted in summer 2017 over Europe and in the
                      inter-monsoon period over Asia in spring 2018. The intensive
                      observational periods (IOP) involved HALO airborne
                      measurements of ozone and its precursors, volatile organic
                      compounds, aerosol particles and related species as well as
                      coordinated ground-based ancillary observations at different
                      sites. Perfluorocarbon (PFC) tracer releases and model
                      forecasts supported the flight planning and the
                      identification of pollution plumes. This paper describes the
                      experimental deployment of the IOP in Europe, which
                      comprised 7 HALO research flights with aircraft base in
                      Oberpfaffenhofen (Germany) for a total of 53 flight hours.
                      The MPC targets London (Great Britain), Benelux/Ruhr area
                      (Belgium, The Netherlands, Luxembourg and Germany), Paris
                      (France), Rome and Po Valley (Italy), Madrid and Barcelona
                      (Spain) were investigated. An in-flight comparison of HALO
                      with the collaborating UK-airborne platform FAAM took place
                      to assure accuracy and comparability of the instrumentation
                      on-board. Generally, significant enhancement of trace gases
                      and aerosol particles are attributed to emissions
                      originating in MPCs at distances of hundreds of kilometres
                      from the sources. The proximity of different MPCs over
                      Europe favours the mixing of plumes of different origin and
                      level of processing and hampers the unambiguous attribution
                      of the MPC sources. Similarly, urban plumes mix efficiently
                      with natural sources as desert dust and with biomass burning
                      emissions from vegetation and forest fires. This confirms
                      the importance of wildland fire emissions in Europe and
                      indicates an important but discontinuous contribution to the
                      European emission budget that might be of relevance in the
                      design of efficient mitigation strategies. The synergistic
                      use and consistent interpretation of observational data sets
                      of different spatial and temporal resolution (e.g. from
                      ground-based networks, airborne campaigns, and satellite
                      measurements) supported by modelling within EMeRGe, provides
                      a unique insight to test the current understanding of MPC
                      pollution outflows. The present work provides an overview of
                      the most salient results and scientific questions in the
                      European context, these being addressed in more detail
                      within additional dedicated EMeRGe studies. The deployment
                      and results obtained in Asia will be the subject of separate
                      publications.},
      cin          = {IEK-8},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-8-20101013},
      pnm          = {2111 - Air Quality (POF4-211)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-2111},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)25},
      doi          = {10.5194/acp-2021-500},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/902375},
}