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@ARTICLE{Becker:902382,
      author       = {Becker, J. and Böhme, P. and Reckert, A. and Eickhoff, S.
                      B. and Koop, B. E. and Blum, J. and Gündüz, T. and
                      Takayama, M. and Wagner, W. and Ritz-Timme, S.},
      title        = {{E}vidence for differences in {DNA} methylation between
                      {G}ermans and {J}apanese},
      journal      = {International journal of legal medicine},
      volume       = {136},
      issn         = {1437-1596},
      address      = {Heidelberg},
      publisher    = {Springer},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2021-04216},
      pages        = {405–413},
      year         = {2022},
      abstract     = {As a contribution to the discussion about the possible
                      effects of ethnicity/ancestry on age estimation based on DNA
                      methylation (DNAm) patterns, we directly compared
                      age-associated DNAm in German and Japanese donors in one
                      laboratory under identical conditions. DNAm was analyzed by
                      pyrosequencing for 22 CpG sites (CpGs) in the genes PDE4C,
                      RPA2, ELOVL2, DDO, and EDARADD in buccal mucosa samples from
                      German and Japanese donors (N = 368 and N = 89,
                      respectively).Twenty of these CpGs revealed a very high
                      correlation with age and were subsequently tested for
                      differences between German and Japanese donors aged between
                      10 and 65 years (N = 287 and N = 83, respectively). ANCOVA
                      was performed by testing the Japanese samples against age-
                      and sex-matched German subsamples (N = 83 each; extracted
                      500 times from the German total sample). The median p values
                      suggest a strong evidence for significant differences (p <
                      0.05) at least for two CpGs (EDARADD, CpG 2, and PDE4C, CpG
                      2) and no differences for 11 CpGs (p > 0.3).Age prediction
                      models based on DNAm data from all 20 CpGs from German
                      training data did not reveal relevant differences between
                      the Japanese test samples and German subsamples. Obviously,
                      the high number of included "robust CpGs" prevented relevant
                      effects of differences in DNAm at two CpGs.Nevertheless, the
                      presented data demonstrates the need for further research
                      regarding the impact of confounding factors on DNAm in the
                      context of ethnicity/ancestry to ensure a high quality of
                      age estimation. One approach may be the search for "robust"
                      CpG markers-which requires the targeted investigation of
                      different populations, at best by collaborative research
                      with coordinated research strategies.},
      cin          = {INM-7},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)INM-7-20090406},
      pnm          = {5252 - Brain Dysfunction and Plasticity (POF4-525)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-5252},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:34739581},
      UT           = {WOS:000714849400001},
      doi          = {10.1007/s00414-021-02736-3},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/902382},
}