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@ARTICLE{Mahnke:902389,
      author       = {Mahnke, Christoph and Weigel, Ralf and Cairo, Francesco and
                      Vernier, Jean-Paul and Afchine, Armin and Krämer, Martina
                      and Mitev, Valentin and Matthey, Renaud and Viciani, Silvia
                      and D'Amato, Francesco and Ploeger, Felix and Deshler, Terry
                      and Borrmann, Stephan},
      title        = {{T}he {A}sian tropopause aerosol layer within the 2017
                      monsoon anticyclone: microphysical properties derived from
                      aircraft-borne in situ measurements},
      journal      = {Atmospheric chemistry and physics},
      volume       = {21},
      number       = {19},
      issn         = {1680-7324},
      address      = {Katlenburg-Lindau},
      publisher    = {EGU},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2021-04223},
      pages        = {15259 - 15282},
      year         = {2021},
      abstract     = {The Asian summer monsoon is an effective pathway for
                      aerosol particles and precursors from the planetary boundary
                      layer over Central, South, and East Asia into the upper
                      troposphere and lower stratosphere. An enhancement of
                      aerosol particles within the Asian monsoon anticyclone
                      (AMA), called the Asian tropopause aerosol layer (ATAL), has
                      been observed by satellites. We discuss airborne in situ and
                      remote sensing observations of aerosol microphysical
                      properties conducted during the 2017 StratoClim field
                      campaign within the AMA region. The aerosol particle
                      measurements aboard the high-altitude research aircraft M55
                      Geophysica (maximum altitude reached of ∼20.5 km) were
                      conducted with a modified ultra-high-sensitivity aerosol
                      spectrometer – airborne (UHSAS-A; particle diameter
                      detection range of 65 nm to 1 µm), the COndensation
                      PArticle counting System (COPAS, detecting total
                      concentrations of submicrometer-sized particles), and the
                      New Ice eXpEriment – Cloud and Aerosol Spectrometer with
                      Detection of POLarization (NIXE-CAS-DPOL). In the COPAS and
                      UHSAS-A vertical particle mixing ratio (PMR) profiles and
                      the size distribution profiles (for number, surface area,
                      and volume concentration), the ATAL is evident as a distinct
                      layer between ∼370 and 420 K potential temperature (Θ).
                      Within the ATAL, the maximum detected PMRs (from the median
                      profiles) were ∼700 mg−1 for particle diameters
                      between 65 nm and 1 µm (UHSAS-A) and higher than
                      2500 mg−1 for diameters larger than 10 nm (COPAS).
                      These values are up to 2 times higher than those previously
                      found at similar altitudes in other tropical locations. The
                      difference between the PMR profiles measured by the UHSAS-A
                      and the COPAS indicate that the region below the ATAL at Θ
                      levels from 350 to 370 K is influenced by the nucleation
                      of aerosol particles (diameter <65 nm). We provide
                      detailed analyses of the vertical distribution of the
                      aerosol particle size distributions and the PMR and compare
                      these with previous tropical and extratropical measurements.
                      The backscatter ratio (BR) was calculated based on the
                      aerosol particle size distributions measured in situ. The
                      resulting data set was compared with the vertical profiles
                      of the BR detected by the multiwavelength aerosol
                      scatterometer (MAS) and an airborne miniature aerosol lidar
                      (MAL) aboard the M55 Geophysica and by the satellite-borne
                      Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP).
                      The data of all four methods largely agree with one another,
                      showing enhanced BR values in the altitude range of the ATAL
                      (between ∼15 and 18.5 km) with a maximum at 17.5 km
                      altitude. By means of the AMA-centered equivalent latitude
                      calculated from meteorological reanalysis data, it is shown
                      that such enhanced values of the BR larger than 1.1 could
                      only be observed within the confinement of the AMA.},
      cin          = {IEK-8},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-8-20101013},
      pnm          = {2111 - Air Quality (POF4-211)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-2111},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000709368200001},
      doi          = {10.5194/acp-21-15259-2021},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/902389},
}