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@ARTICLE{Robert:902556,
      author       = {Robert, H. L. and Lobato, I. and Lyu, F. J. and Chen, Qi
                      and Van Aert, S. and Van Dyck, D. and Müller-Caspary, K.},
      title        = {{D}ynamical diffraction of high-energy electrons
                      investigated by focal series momentum-resolved scanning
                      transmission electron microscopy at atomic resolution},
      journal      = {Ultramicroscopy},
      volume       = {233},
      issn         = {0304-3991},
      address      = {Amsterdam},
      publisher    = {Elsevier Science},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2021-04355},
      pages        = {113425 -},
      year         = {2022},
      abstract     = {We report a study of scattering dynamics in crystals
                      employing momentum-resolved scanning transmission electron
                      microscopy under varying illumination conditions. As we
                      perform successive changes of the probe focus, multiple
                      real-space signals are obtained in dependence of the shape
                      of the incident electron wave. With support from extensive
                      simulations, each signal is shown to be characterised by an
                      optimum focus for which the contrast is maximum and which
                      differs among different signals. For instance, a systematic
                      focus mismatch is found between images formed by high-angle
                      scattering, being sensitive to thickness and chemical
                      composition, and the first moment in diffraction space,
                      being sensitive to electric fields. It follows that a single
                      recording at one specific probe focus is usually
                      insufficient to characterise materials comprehensively. Most
                      importantly, we demonstrate in experiment and simulation
                      that the second moment of the diffracted intensity exhibits
                      a contrast maximum when the electron probe is focused at the
                      top and bottom faces of the specimen, making the presented
                      concept attractive for measuring local topography. Given the
                      versatility of , we furthermore present a detailed study of
                      its large-angle convergence both analytically using the Mott
                      scattering approach, and by dynamical simulations using the
                      multislice algorithm including thermal diffuse scattering.
                      Both approaches are in very good agreement and yield
                      logarithmic divergence with increasing scattering angle.},
      cin          = {ER-C-1},
      ddc          = {570},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)ER-C-1-20170209},
      pnm          = {5351 - Platform for Correlative, In Situ and Operando
                      Characterization (POF4-535) / Ptychography 4.0 - Proposal
                      for a pilot project "Information $\&$ Data Science"
                      (ZT-I-0025)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-5351 / G:(DE-HGF)ZT-I-0025},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {34800894},
      UT           = {WOS:000734396800009},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.ultramic.2021.113425},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/902556},
}