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@ARTICLE{Lucht:902562,
      author       = {Lucht, Sarah and Glaubitz, Lina and Moebus, Susanne and
                      Schramm, Sara and Jockwitz, Christiane and Caspers, Svenja
                      and Hoffmann, Barbara},
      title        = {{L}ong-term air pollution, noise, and structural measures
                      of the {D}efault {M}ode {N}etwork in the brain: {R}esults
                      from the 1000{BRAINS} cohort},
      journal      = {International journal of hygiene and environmental health},
      volume       = {239},
      issn         = {1438-4639},
      address      = {Jena},
      publisher    = {Urban $\&$ Fischer},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2021-04361},
      pages        = {113867 -},
      year         = {2022},
      abstract     = {BackgroundWhile evidence suggests that long-term air
                      pollution (AP) and noise may adversely affect cognitive
                      function, little is known about whether environmental
                      exposures also promote structural changes in underlying
                      brain networks. We therefore investigated the associations
                      between AP, traffic noise, and structural measures of the
                      Default Mode Network (DMN), a functional brain network known
                      to undergo specific changes with age.MethodsWe analyzed data
                      from 579 participants (mean age at imaging: 66.5 years) of
                      the German 1000BRAINS study. Long-term residential exposure
                      to particulate matter (diameter ≤10 μm [PM10]; diameter
                      ≤2.5 μm [PM2.5]), PM2.5 absorbance (PM2.5abs), nitrogen
                      dioxide (NO2), and accumulation mode particulate number
                      concentration (PNAM) was estimated using validated land use
                      regression and chemistry transport models. Long-term outdoor
                      traffic noise was modeled at participants' homes based on a
                      European Union's Environmental Noise Directive. As measures
                      of brain structure, cortical thickness and local
                      gyrification index (lGI) values were calculated for DMN
                      regions from T1-weighted structural brain images collected
                      between 2011 and 2015. Associations between environmental
                      exposures and brain structure measures were estimated using
                      linear regression models, adjusting for demographic and
                      lifestyle characteristics.ResultsAP exposures were below
                      European Union standards but above World Health Organization
                      guidelines (e.g., PM10 mean: 27.5 μg/m3). A third of
                      participants experienced outdoor 24-h noise above European
                      recommendations. Exposures were not consistently associated
                      with lGI values in the DMN. We observed weak inverse
                      associations between AP and cortical thickness in the right
                      anterior DMN (e.g., −0.010 mm [-0.022, 0.002] per 0.3 unit
                      increase in PM2.5abs) and lateral part of the posterior
                      DMN.ConclusionLong-term AP and noise were not consistently
                      associated with structural parameters of the DMN in the
                      brain. While weak associations were present between AP
                      exposure and cortical thinning of right hemispheric DMN
                      regions, it remains unclear whether AP might influence DMN
                      brain structure in a similar way as aging.},
      cin          = {INM-1},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)INM-1-20090406},
      pnm          = {5251 - Multilevel Brain Organization and Variability
                      (POF4-525) / HBP SGA3 - Human Brain Project Specific Grant
                      Agreement 3 (945539)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-5251 / G:(EU-Grant)945539},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {34717183},
      UT           = {WOS:000718247400005},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.ijheh.2021.113867},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/902562},
}