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@ARTICLE{Herff:902761,
      author       = {Herff, Sohel and Pausch, Konrad and Meinke, Matthias and
                      Schröder, Wolfgang},
      title        = {{A}nalysis of the sound sources of lean premixed
                      methane–air flames},
      journal      = {GAMM-Mitteilungen},
      volume       = {45},
      number       = {1},
      issn         = {0936-7195},
      address      = {Weinheim},
      publisher    = {Wiley-VCH},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2021-04532},
      pages        = {e202200001},
      year         = {2022},
      abstract     = {Two investigations on the sound generation mechanisms of
                      lean methane–air flames are reviewed and linked. A
                      two-step approach is used for the analysis. First, the
                      compressible conservation equations are solved in a
                      large-eddy simulation formulation to compute the acoustic
                      source terms of the reacting fluid. Second, the acoustic
                      source terms are used in computational aeroacoustics
                      simulations to determine the acoustic field by solving the
                      acoustic perturbation equations. To identify the
                      contributions of the different source terms to the overall
                      sound emission of the flames different source term
                      formulations are considered in the computational
                      aeroacoustics simulations. The results of various flames of
                      increasing complexity are shown: harmonically excited
                      laminar flames, a turbulent jet flame, and an unconfined and
                      a confined swirl flame. The results show that in general the
                      heat release source alone does not determine the acoustic
                      emission of the flame. Only the acoustic emission of the
                      unconfined swirl flame could be computed by the heat release
                      source. To accurately predict the phase and the amplitude of
                      the sound emission of the other flames the acceleration of
                      density gradients occurring at the flame front must be
                      included in the considered set of source terms.},
      cin          = {JSC},
      ddc          = {510},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)JSC-20090406},
      pnm          = {5111 - Domain-Specific Simulation $\&$ Data Life Cycle Labs
                      (SDLs) and Research Groups (POF4-511)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-5111},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      doi          = {10.1002/gamm.202200001},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/902761},
}