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@ARTICLE{Kanz:902771,
      author       = {Kanz, Olga and Bittkau, Karsten and Ding, Kaining and Rau,
                      Uwe and Reinders, Angèle},
      title        = {{R}eview and {H}armonization of the {L}ife-{C}ycle {G}lobal
                      {W}arming {I}mpact of {PV}-{P}owered {H}ydrogen {P}roduction
                      by {E}lectrolysis},
      journal      = {Frontiers in Electronics},
      volume       = {2},
      issn         = {2673-5857},
      address      = {Lausanne},
      publisher    = {Frontiers Media SA},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2021-04542},
      pages        = {711103},
      year         = {2021},
      abstract     = {This work presents a review of life-cycle assessment (LCA)
                      studies of hydrogen electrolysis using power from
                      photovoltaic (PV) systems. The paper discusses the
                      assumptions, strengths and weaknesses of 13 LCA studies and
                      identifies the causes of the environmental impact.
                      Differences in assumptions of system boundaries, system
                      sizes, evaluation methods, and functional units make it
                      challenging to directly compare the Global Warming Potential
                      (GWP) resulting from different studies. To simplify this
                      process, 13 selected LCA studies on PV-powered hydrogen
                      production have been harmonized following a consistent
                      framework described by this paper. The harmonized GWP values
                      vary from 0.7 to 6.6 kg CO2-eq/kg H2 which can be considered
                      a wide range. The maximum absolute difference between the
                      original and harmonized GWP results of a study is 1.5 kg
                      CO2-eq/kg H2. Yet even the highest GWP of this study is over
                      four times lower than the GWP of grid-powered electrolysis
                      in Germany. Due to the lack of transparency of most LCAs
                      included in this review, full identification of the sources
                      of discrepancies (methods applied, assumed production
                      conditions) is not possible. Overall it can be concluded
                      that the environmental impact of the electrolytic hydrogen
                      production process is mainly caused by the GWP of the
                      electricity supply. For future environmental impact studies
                      on hydrogen production systems, it is highly recommended to
                      1) divide the whole system into well-defined subsystems
                      using compression as the final stage of the LCA and 2) to
                      provide energy inputs/GWP results for the different
                      subsystems.},
      cin          = {IEK-5},
      ddc          = {621.3},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-5-20101013},
      pnm          = {1214 - Modules, stability, performance and specific
                      applications (POF4-121) / CLIENT II - Verbundvorhaben
                      YESPV-NIGBEN: Ertragsanalyse und sozioökonomische
                      Folgenabschätzung von Photovoltaik und photovoltaisch
                      unterstützte Nahrungsmittelerzeugung und Energiesysteme im
                      tropischen Klima Nigerias-Benins (03SF0576A)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-1214 / G:(BMBF)03SF0576A},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:001116622400001},
      doi          = {10.3389/felec.2021.711103},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/902771},
}