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@ARTICLE{DalBo:902928,
      author       = {Dal Bo, Igor and Klotzsche, A. and Bol, R. and Moradi, G.
                      and Weihermüller, L. and Vereecken, H. and Kruk, J.},
      title        = {{GPR} and {EMI} characterization of the hyperarid study
                      site of {Y}ungay, {C}hile: {I}mplications of applying
                      geophysical methods on {M}ars},
      journal      = {Earth and Space Science},
      volume       = {8},
      number       = {12},
      issn         = {2333-5084},
      address      = {Malden, Mass.},
      publisher    = {American Geophysical Union},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2021-04681},
      pages        = {e2021EA001790},
      year         = {2021},
      abstract     = {To unequivocally discover the actual presence of life or
                      even of near surface liquid water on extraterrestrial
                      planetary bodies would be a key scientific breakthrough for
                      humankind. For this reason, studying similar environments on
                      Earth is essential to understanding the processes shaping
                      such extraterrestrial objects. The Yungay area in the
                      Chilean part of the Atacama Desert is deemed to be
                      particularly suitable as a terrestrial analog of Mars (TAM).
                      In this study, we deployed multi-frequency ground
                      penetrating radar (GPR) and a six-coil electromagnetic
                      induction (EMI) system with a maximum depth of investigation
                      of 1.8 m over an area of 0.66 hectares (110 x 60 m). By
                      applying a LOWESS algorithm to the GPR envelope data, we
                      aimed to extrapolate the strongest amplitudes indicating
                      physical contrasts to 3D. The results were constrained with
                      two existing pits 100 m apart. Whereas clay content was
                      mostly responsible for GPR signal attenuation, changes in
                      texture and stratigraphy were linked with strong amplitude
                      reflections. EMI showed very low apparent electrical
                      conductivity (ECa) values between 0 and 5 mS/m. The ECa
                      variability could be linked to changes in clay content with
                      depth. This agreed with the surface obtained from the LOWESS
                      algorithm. Although soil samples are still necessary to
                      constrain the measured signals, we showed the benefits of
                      applying geophysics for large-scale characterization and can
                      conclude that these two methods are suitable for such
                      hyperarid TAM environments. A similar routine if applied on
                      the surface of Mars could deliver promising results for
                      similar characteristics.},
      cin          = {IBG-3},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBG-3-20101118},
      pnm          = {2173 - Agro-biogeosystems: controls, feedbacks and impact
                      (POF4-217)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-2173},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000734382000020},
      doi          = {10.1029/2021EA001790},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/902928},
}