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@ARTICLE{Esiana:902935,
      author       = {Esiana, Benneth O. I. and Coates, Christopher J. and
                      Adderley, W. Paul and Berns, Anne E. and Bol, Roland},
      title        = {{P}henoloxidase activity and organic carbon dynamics in
                      historic {A}nthrosols in {S}cotland, {UK}},
      journal      = {PLOS ONE},
      volume       = {16},
      number       = {10},
      issn         = {1932-6203},
      address      = {San Francisco, California, US},
      publisher    = {PLOS},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2021-04688},
      pages        = {e0259205 -},
      year         = {2021},
      abstract     = {Phenolic compounds are chemical precursor building blocks
                      of soil organic matter. Their occurrence can be inhibitory
                      to certain enzymes present in soil, thereby influencing the
                      rate of decomposition of soil organic matter.
                      Microbe-derived phenoloxidases (laccases) are extracellular
                      enzymes capable of degrading recalcitrant polyphenolic
                      compounds. In this study, our aim was to investigate the
                      relationships between phenoloxidase enzyme activity, organic
                      carbon content and microbial abundance in the context of
                      long-term anthropogenically amended soils. To achieve this,
                      we used a series of complementary biochemical analytical
                      methods including gas chromatography, enzyme assays and
                      solid-state Carbon-13 Cross Polarisation Magic-Angle
                      Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (13C CPMAS
                      NMR). Using several anthrosols found in St Andrews
                      (Scotland, UK) that had been subjected to intense
                      anthropogenic modification since the medieval period (11th
                      century AD) to present-day, we were able to scope the impact
                      of past waste disposal on soils. The long-term anthropogenic
                      impact led to organic matter-rich soils. Overall,
                      phenoloxidase activity increased by up to 2-fold with soil
                      depth (up to 100 cm) and was inversely correlated with
                      microbial biomass. Solid-state 13C NMR characterisation of
                      carbon species revealed that the observed decline in soil
                      organic matter with depth corresponded to decreases in the
                      labile organic carbon fractions as evidenced by changes in
                      the O/N-alkyl C region of the spectra. The increase in
                      phenoloxidase activity with depth would appear to be a
                      compensatory mechanism for the reduced quantities of organic
                      carbon and lower overall nutrient environment in subsoils.
                      By enzymatically targeting phenolic compounds, microbes can
                      better utilise recalcitrant carbon when other labile soil
                      carbon sources become limited, thereby maintaining metabolic
                      processes.},
      cin          = {IBG-3},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBG-3-20101118},
      pnm          = {2173 - Agro-biogeosystems: controls, feedbacks and impact
                      (POF4-217)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-2173},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {34705877},
      UT           = {WOS:000755636500057},
      doi          = {10.1371/journal.pone.0259205},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/902935},
}