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@ARTICLE{Karbout:902938,
      author       = {Karbout, Nissaf and Mlih, Rawan and Latifa, Dhaouidi and
                      Bol, Roland and Moussa, Mohamed and Brahim, Nadhem and
                      Bousnina, Habib},
      title        = {{F}arm manure and bentonite clay amendments enhance the
                      date palm morphology and yield},
      journal      = {Arabian journal of geosciences},
      volume       = {14},
      number       = {9},
      issn         = {1866-7511},
      address      = {Heidelberg},
      publisher    = {Springer},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2021-04691},
      pages        = {818},
      year         = {2021},
      abstract     = {Date palm production contributes significantly to
                      socio-economic development and food security in the dryland
                      areas of Southern Tunisia. Soil degradation and nutrient
                      depletion have dramatically increased in recent years. This
                      is leading to a decline in date palm yields in these
                      oases-based production systems. Locally derived bentonite
                      clay has been identified as a new soil amendment to improve
                      date morphological characteristics and date production. In
                      this study, a 3-year field experimental study was carried
                      out on 3-year-old Deglet Nour date palms growing in sandy
                      soil of a Tunisian oasis (Fatnassa, Southern Tunisia). The
                      study’s aim was to compare the effect of two amendment
                      types: (i) sand (S) mixed with farm manure (M) and bentonite
                      clay (B) (=BSM) and (ii) sand mixed with farm manure (SM) on
                      the soil characteristics and morphological features of date
                      palm. The results indicated that soil macro- and
                      micronutrient contents were enhanced under BSM. Soil water
                      retention in BSM also increased to 290 ± 0.3 mm m−1
                      compared to 70 ± 0.2 and 50 ± 0.5 mm m−1 for an
                      untreated (no amendment) and SM treatment, respectively. The
                      amelioration of morphological characteristics was observed
                      for the canopy diameter reaching 226 ± 0.6 cm in BSM
                      treatment compared to 172 ± 0.6 cm in untreated palm trees.
                      The height of the palms increased by 69 ± 0.8 cm from 29 ±
                      0.1cm in the control treatment, and leaf number increased
                      from 40 leaves palm−1 in BS to 60 leaves palm−1 in BSM
                      treatment. The leaf mineral content was significantly been
                      improved in the third year, and the leaf NPK contents were
                      220 ± 0.6 mg kg−1, 17 ± 0.1 mg kg−1, and 200 ± 0.04
                      mg kg−1, respectively, in BSM treatments. The effect of
                      the farm manure and bentonite clay was noticeable for the
                      yield production, and the SM and BSM treatments offered
                      yields of 70 ± 0.9 kg palm−1 and 80 ± 0.5 kg palm−1,
                      respectively. It could partly ameliorate the alternate year
                      bearing phenomenon of the Deglet Nour date variety. We
                      conclude that the joint application of farm manure and
                      bentonite clay does represent a viable option to further
                      improve the production and resilience of date palms in
                      dryland areas.},
      cin          = {IBG-3},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBG-3-20101118},
      pnm          = {2173 - Agro-biogeosystems: controls, feedbacks and impact
                      (POF4-217)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-2173},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000691857600002},
      doi          = {10.1007/s12517-021-07160-w},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/902938},
}