000902967 001__ 902967 000902967 005__ 20220406202836.0 000902967 0247_ $$2doi$$a10.3390/cancers13236001 000902967 0247_ $$2Handle$$a2128/29703 000902967 0247_ $$2pmid$$a34885110 000902967 0247_ $$2WOS$$aWOS:000762087200001 000902967 037__ $$aFZJ-2021-04713 000902967 082__ $$a610 000902967 1001_ $$00000-0002-9994-6204$$aKoch, Katharina$$b0 000902967 245__ $$aOverexpression of Cystine/Glutamate Antiporter xCT Correlates with Nutrient Flexibility and ZEB1 Expression in Highly Clonogenic Glioblastoma Stem-like Cells (GSCs) 000902967 260__ $$aBasel$$bMDPI$$c2021 000902967 3367_ $$2DRIVER$$aarticle 000902967 3367_ $$2DataCite$$aOutput Types/Journal article 000902967 3367_ $$0PUB:(DE-HGF)16$$2PUB:(DE-HGF)$$aJournal Article$$bjournal$$mjournal$$s1640942051_14773 000902967 3367_ $$2BibTeX$$aARTICLE 000902967 3367_ $$2ORCID$$aJOURNAL_ARTICLE 000902967 3367_ $$00$$2EndNote$$aJournal Article 000902967 520__ $$aCancer stem-like cells mediate tumor initiation, progression, and therapy resistance; however, their identification and selective eradication remain challenging. Herein, we analyze the metabolic dependencies of glioblastoma stem-like cells (GSCs) with high-resolution proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy. We stratify our in vitro GSC models into two subtypes primarily based on their relative amount of glutamine in relationship to glutamate (Gln/Glu). Gln/GluHigh GSCs were found to be resistant to glutamine deprivation, whereas Gln/GluLow GSCs respond with significantly decreased in vitro clonogenicity and impaired cell growth. The starvation resistance appeared to be mediated by an increased expression of the glutamate/cystine antiporter SLC7A11/xCT and efficient cellular clearance of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Moreover, we were able to directly correlate xCT-dependent starvation resistance and high Gln/Glu ratios with in vitro clonogenicity, since targeted differentiation of GSCs with bone morphogenic protein 4 (BMP4) impaired xCT expression, decreased the Gln/Glu ratio, and restored the sensitivity to glutamine starvation. Moreover, significantly reduced levels of the oncometabolites lactate (Lac), phosphocholine (PC), total choline (tCho), myo-inositol (Myo-I), and glycine (Gly) were observed in differentiated GSCs. Furthermore, we found a strong association between high Gln/Glu ratios and increased expression of Zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) and xCT in primary GBM tumor tissues. Our analyses suggest that the inhibition of xCT represents a potential therapeutic target in glioblastoma; thus, we could further extend its importance in GSC biology and stress responses. We also propose that monitoring of the intracellular Gln/Glu ratio can be used to predict nutrient stress resistance. 000902967 536__ $$0G:(DE-HGF)POF4-5244$$a5244 - Information Processing in Neuronal Networks (POF4-524)$$cPOF4-524$$fPOF IV$$x0 000902967 588__ $$aDataset connected to CrossRef, Journals: juser.fz-juelich.de 000902967 7001_ $$0P:(DE-Juel1)132001$$aHartmann, Rudolf$$b1 000902967 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aSuwala, Abigail Kora$$b2 000902967 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aRios, Dayana Herrera$$b3 000902967 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aKamp, Marcel Alexander$$b4 000902967 7001_ $$0P:(DE-Juel1)165921$$aSabel, Michael$$b5 000902967 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aSteiger, Hans-Jakob$$b6 000902967 7001_ $$0P:(DE-Juel1)132029$$aWillbold, Dieter$$b7 000902967 7001_ $$00000-0002-2216-5389$$aSharma, Amit$$b8 000902967 7001_ $$00000-0002-6021-1841$$aKahlert, Ulf Dietrich$$b9 000902967 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aMaciaczyk, Jarek$$b10$$eCorresponding author 000902967 773__ $$0PERI:(DE-600)2527080-1$$a10.3390/cancers13236001$$gVol. 13, no. 23, p. 6001 -$$n23$$p6001 -$$tCancers$$v13$$x2072-6694$$y2021 000902967 8564_ $$uhttps://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/902967/files/cancers-13-06001.pdf$$yOpenAccess 000902967 909CO $$ooai:juser.fz-juelich.de:902967$$pdnbdelivery$$pdriver$$pVDB$$popen_access$$popenaire 000902967 9101_ $$0I:(DE-588b)5008462-8$$6P:(DE-Juel1)132001$$aForschungszentrum Jülich$$b1$$kFZJ 000902967 9101_ $$0I:(DE-588b)5008462-8$$6P:(DE-Juel1)132029$$aForschungszentrum Jülich$$b7$$kFZJ 000902967 9131_ $$0G:(DE-HGF)POF4-524$$1G:(DE-HGF)POF4-520$$2G:(DE-HGF)POF4-500$$3G:(DE-HGF)POF4$$4G:(DE-HGF)POF$$9G:(DE-HGF)POF4-5244$$aDE-HGF$$bKey Technologies$$lNatural, Artificial and Cognitive Information Processing$$vMolecular and Cellular Information Processing$$x0 000902967 9141_ $$y2021 000902967 915__ $$0StatID:(DE-HGF)0200$$2StatID$$aDBCoverage$$bSCOPUS$$d2021-05-04 000902967 915__ $$0StatID:(DE-HGF)0160$$2StatID$$aDBCoverage$$bEssential Science Indicators$$d2021-05-04 000902967 915__ $$0StatID:(DE-HGF)1050$$2StatID$$aDBCoverage$$bBIOSIS Previews$$d2021-05-04 000902967 915__ $$0StatID:(DE-HGF)1190$$2StatID$$aDBCoverage$$bBiological Abstracts$$d2021-05-04 000902967 915__ $$0StatID:(DE-HGF)0600$$2StatID$$aDBCoverage$$bEbsco Academic Search$$d2021-05-04 000902967 915__ $$0StatID:(DE-HGF)0100$$2StatID$$aJCR$$bCANCERS : 2019$$d2021-05-04 000902967 915__ $$0StatID:(DE-HGF)0501$$2StatID$$aDBCoverage$$bDOAJ Seal$$d2021-05-04 000902967 915__ $$0StatID:(DE-HGF)0500$$2StatID$$aDBCoverage$$bDOAJ$$d2021-05-04 000902967 915__ $$0StatID:(DE-HGF)0113$$2StatID$$aWoS$$bScience Citation Index Expanded$$d2021-05-04 000902967 915__ $$0StatID:(DE-HGF)0700$$2StatID$$aFees$$d2021-05-04 000902967 915__ $$0StatID:(DE-HGF)0150$$2StatID$$aDBCoverage$$bWeb of Science Core Collection$$d2021-05-04 000902967 915__ $$0LIC:(DE-HGF)CCBY4$$2HGFVOC$$aCreative Commons Attribution CC BY 4.0 000902967 915__ $$0StatID:(DE-HGF)0510$$2StatID$$aOpenAccess 000902967 915__ $$0StatID:(DE-HGF)0030$$2StatID$$aPeer Review$$bASC$$d2021-05-04 000902967 915__ $$0StatID:(DE-HGF)0561$$2StatID$$aArticle Processing Charges$$d2021-05-04 000902967 915__ $$0StatID:(DE-HGF)9905$$2StatID$$aIF >= 5$$bCANCERS : 2019$$d2021-05-04 000902967 915__ $$0StatID:(DE-HGF)0300$$2StatID$$aDBCoverage$$bMedline$$d2021-05-04 000902967 915__ $$0StatID:(DE-HGF)0320$$2StatID$$aDBCoverage$$bPubMed Central$$d2021-05-04 000902967 915__ $$0StatID:(DE-HGF)0199$$2StatID$$aDBCoverage$$bClarivate Analytics Master Journal List$$d2021-05-04 000902967 9201_ $$0I:(DE-Juel1)IBI-7-20200312$$kIBI-7$$lStrukturbiochemie$$x0 000902967 980__ $$ajournal 000902967 980__ $$aVDB 000902967 980__ $$aUNRESTRICTED 000902967 980__ $$aI:(DE-Juel1)IBI-7-20200312 000902967 9801_ $$aFullTexts