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@ARTICLE{Zhang:902968,
      author       = {Zhang, Xin and Xiao, Guangmin and Bol, Roland and Wang,
                      Ligang and Zhuge, Yuping and Wu, Wenliang and Li, Hu and
                      Meng, Fanqiao},
      title        = {{I}nfluences of irrigation and fertilization on soil {N}
                      cycle and losses from wheat–maize cropping system in
                      northern {C}hina},
      journal      = {Environmental pollution},
      volume       = {278},
      issn         = {0013-9327},
      address      = {Amsterdam [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier Science},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2021-04714},
      pages        = {116852 -},
      year         = {2021},
      abstract     = {Excess of water irrigation and fertilizer consumption by
                      crops has resulted in high soil nitrogen (N) losses and
                      underground water contamination not only in China but
                      worldwide. This study explored the effects of soil N input,
                      soil N output, as well as the effect of different irrigation
                      and N- fertilizer managements on residual N. For this, two
                      consecutive years of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
                      –summer maize (Zea mays L.) rotation was conducted with: N
                      applied at 0 kg N ha−1 yr−1, 420 kg N ha−1 yr−1 and
                      600 kg N ha−1 yr−1 under fertigation (DN0, DN420,
                      DN600), and N applied at 0 kg N ha−1 yr−1 and 600 kg N
                      ha−1 yr−1 under flood irrigation (FN0, FN600). The
                      results demonstrated that low irrigation water consumption
                      resulted in a $57.2\%$ lower of irrigation-N input (p <
                      0.05) in DN600 when compared to FN600, especially in a rainy
                      year like 2015–2016. For N output, no significant
                      difference was found with all N treatments. Soil gaseous N
                      losses were highly correlated with fertilization (p < 0.001)
                      and were reduced by $23.6\%–41.7\%$ when fertilizer N was
                      decreased by $30\%.$ Soil N leaching was highly affected by
                      irrigation and a higher reduction was observed under saving
                      irrigation (reduced by $33.9\%–57.3\%)$ than under
                      optimized fertilization (reduced by $23.6\%–50.7\%).$ The
                      net N surplus was significantly increased with N application
                      rate but was not affected by irrigation treatments. Under
                      the same N level (600 kg N ha−1 yr−1), fertigation
                      increased the Total Nitrogen (TN) stock by $17.5\%$ (0–100
                      cm) as compared to flood irrigation. These results
                      highlighted the importance to further reduction of soil N
                      losses under optimized fertilization and irrigation combined
                      with N stabilizers or balanced- N fertilization for future
                      agriculture development.},
      cin          = {IBG-3},
      ddc          = {690},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBG-3-20101118},
      pnm          = {2173 - Agro-biogeosystems: controls, feedbacks and impact
                      (POF4-217)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-2173},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:33740603},
      UT           = {WOS:000641372900010},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116852},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/902968},
}