% IMPORTANT: The following is UTF-8 encoded.  This means that in the presence
% of non-ASCII characters, it will not work with BibTeX 0.99 or older.
% Instead, you should use an up-to-date BibTeX implementation like “bibtex8” or
% “biber”.

@ARTICLE{Forstner:903129,
      author       = {Forstner, Veronika and Groh, Jannis and Vremec, Matevz and
                      Herndl, Markus and Vereecken, Harry and Gerke, Horst H. and
                      Birk, Steffen and Pütz, Thomas},
      title        = {{R}esponse of water fluxes and biomass production to
                      climate change in permanent grassland soil ecosystems},
      journal      = {Hydrology and earth system sciences},
      volume       = {25},
      number       = {12},
      issn         = {1027-5606},
      address      = {Katlenburg-Lindau},
      publisher    = {EGU},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2021-04853},
      pages        = {6087-6106},
      year         = {2021},
      abstract     = {Effects of climate change on the ecosystem productivity and
                      water fluxes have been studied in various types of
                      experiments. However, it is still largely unknown whether
                      and how the experimental approach itself affects the results
                      of such studies. We employed two contrasting experimental
                      approaches, using high-precision weighable monolithic
                      lysimeters, over a period of 4 years to identify and compare
                      the responses of water fluxes and aboveground biomass to
                      climate change in permanent grassland. The first,
                      manipulative, approach is based on controlled increases of
                      atmospheric CO2 concentration and surface temperature. The
                      second, observational, approach uses data from a space-for
                      time substitution along a gradient of climatic conditions.
                      The Budyko framework was used to identify if the soil
                      ecosystem is energy limited or water limited. Elevated
                      temperature reduced the amount of non-rainfall water,
                      particularly during the growing season in both approaches.
                      In energy-limited grassland ecosystems, elevated temperature
                      increased the actual evapotranspiration and decreased
                      aboveground biomass. As a consequence, elevated temperature
                      led to decreasing seepage rates in energy-limited systems.
                      Under water-limited conditions in dry periods, elevated
                      temperature aggravated water stress and, thus, resulted in
                      reduced actual evapotranspiration. The already small seepage
                      rates of the drier soils remained almost unaffected under
                      these conditions compared to soils under wetter conditions.
                      Elevated atmospheric CO2 reduced both actual
                      evapotranspiration and aboveground biomass in the
                      manipulative experiment and, therefore, led to a clear
                      increase and change in seasonality of seepage. As expected,
                      the aboveground biomass productivity and ecosystem
                      efficiency indicators of the water-limited ecosystems were
                      negatively correlated with an increase in aridity, while the
                      trend was unclear for the energy-limited ecosystems. In both
                      experimental approaches, the responses of soil water fluxes
                      and biomass production mainly depend on the ecosystems’
                      status with respect to energy or water limitation. To
                      thoroughly understand the ecosystem response to climate
                      change and be able to identify tipping points, experiments
                      need to embrace sufficiently extreme boundary conditions and
                      explore responses to individual and multiple drivers, such
                      as temperature, CO2 concentration, and precipitation,
                      including non-rainfall water. In this regard, manipulative
                      and observational climate change experiments complement one
                      another and, thus, should be combined in the investigation
                      of climate change effects on grassland.},
      cin          = {IBG-3},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBG-3-20101118},
      pnm          = {2173 - Agro-biogeosystems: controls, feedbacks and impact
                      (POF4-217)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-2173},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000726412400001},
      doi          = {10.5194/hess-25-6087-2021},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/903129},
}