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@ARTICLE{Wolf:903171,
      author       = {Wolf, Moritz and Fischer, Nico and Claeys, Michael},
      title        = {{F}ormation of metal-support compounds in cobalt-based
                      {F}ischer-{T}ropsch synthesis: {A} review},
      journal      = {Chem Catalysis},
      volume       = {1},
      number       = {5},
      issn         = {2667-1093},
      address      = {Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar},
      publisher    = {Elsevier},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2021-04891},
      pages        = {1014 - 1041},
      year         = {2021},
      abstract     = {The Fischer-Tropsch synthesis as a large-scale industrial
                      process converts a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen
                      in a surface polymerization reaction to mostly hydrocarbons
                      and water. In fact, water is the most abundant product on a
                      per mole basis. The major deactivation mechanisms for
                      cobalt-based catalysts in the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis
                      regarding the active metallic phase are various forms of
                      carbon deposition, sintering, and oxidation to
                      Fischer-Tropsch inactive oxidic phases. In particular high
                      concentrations of the product water may cause oxidation and
                      sintering of the active metallic cobalt phase, but are
                      inherent to high conversion levels in the Fischer-Tropsch
                      synthesis. Not only can cobalt be oxidized to CoO, it may
                      also form mixed metal oxides such as cobalt aluminates in
                      the presence of a metal oxide support. However, literature
                      only provides limited information on the formation and
                      morphology of such metal-support compounds due to the
                      challenging (direct) characterization of these phases in the
                      spent catalysts. Herein, thermodynamic predictions summarize
                      and discuss the feasibility of water-induced deactivation of
                      cobalt-based Fischer-Tropsch catalysts by oxidation.
                      Further, identified mechanisms for hydrothermal sintering
                      and recent findings on water-induced oxidation of metallic
                      cobalt to CoO are discussed. However, the main emphasis of
                      the review concerns the formation of metal-support compounds
                      and the applicability of various in situ and ex situ
                      characterization techniques on their identification. In
                      particular X-ray absorption spectroscopy has recently
                      provided significant insights into the formation of
                      metal-support compounds in (simulated) high conversion
                      Fischer-Tropsch environment, while high resolution
                      microscopy was successfully applied to elucidate
                      corresponding catalyst morphologies.},
      cin          = {IEK-11},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-11-20140314},
      pnm          = {1232 - Power-based Fuels and Chemicals (POF4-123)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-1232},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000901295900011},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.checat.2021.08.002},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/903171},
}