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@ARTICLE{Khli:903173,
      author       = {Köhli, Markus and Weimar, Jannis and Schrön, Martin and
                      Baatz, Roland and Schmidt, Ulrich},
      title        = {{S}oil {M}oisture and {A}ir {H}umidity {D}ependence of the
                      {A}bove-{G}round {C}osmic-{R}ay {N}eutron {I}ntensity},
      journal      = {Frontiers in water},
      volume       = {2},
      issn         = {2624-9375},
      address      = {Lausanne},
      publisher    = {Frontiers Media},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2021-04893},
      pages        = {544847},
      year         = {2021},
      abstract     = {Investigations of neutron transport through air and soil by
                      Monte Carlo simulations led to major advancements toward a
                      precise interpretation of measurements; they particularly
                      improved the understanding of the cosmic-ray neutron
                      footprint. Up to now, the conversion of soil moisture to a
                      detectable neutron count rate has relied mainly on the
                      equation presented by Desilets and Zreda in 2010. While in
                      general a hyperbolic expression can be derived from
                      theoretical considerations, their empiric parameterization
                      needs to be revised for two reasons. Firstly, a rigorous
                      mathematical treatment reveals that the values of the four
                      parameters are ambiguous because their values are not
                      independent. We found a three-parameter equation with
                      unambiguous values of the parameters that is equivalent in
                      any other respect to the four-parameter equation. Secondly,
                      high-resolution Monte-Carlo simulations revealed a
                      systematic deviation of the count rate to soil moisture
                      relation especially for extremely dry conditions as well as
                      very humid conditions. That is a hint that a smaller
                      contribution to the intensity was forgotten or not
                      adequately treated by the conventional approach.
                      Investigating the above-ground neutron flux through a
                      broadly based Monte-Carlo simulation campaign revealed a
                      more detailed understanding of different contributions to
                      this signal, especially targeting air humidity corrections.
                      The packages MCNP and URANOS were used to derive a function
                      able to describe the respective dependencies, including the
                      effect of different hydrogen pools and the detector-specific
                      response function. The new relationship has been tested at
                      two exemplary measurement sites, and its remarkable
                      performance allows for a promising prospect of more
                      comprehensive data quality in the future.},
      cin          = {IBG-3},
      ddc          = {333.7},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBG-3-20101118},
      pnm          = {2173 - Agro-biogeosystems: controls, feedbacks and impact
                      (POF4-217)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-2173},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000677582300001},
      doi          = {10.3389/frwa.2020.544847},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/903173},
}