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001     903173
005     20240507205537.0
024 7 _ |a 10.3389/frwa.2020.544847
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100 1 _ |a Köhli, Markus
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245 _ _ |a Soil Moisture and Air Humidity Dependence of the Above-Ground Cosmic-Ray Neutron Intensity
260 _ _ |a Lausanne
|c 2021
|b Frontiers Media
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520 _ _ |a Investigations of neutron transport through air and soil by Monte Carlo simulations led to major advancements toward a precise interpretation of measurements; they particularly improved the understanding of the cosmic-ray neutron footprint. Up to now, the conversion of soil moisture to a detectable neutron count rate has relied mainly on the equation presented by Desilets and Zreda in 2010. While in general a hyperbolic expression can be derived from theoretical considerations, their empiric parameterization needs to be revised for two reasons. Firstly, a rigorous mathematical treatment reveals that the values of the four parameters are ambiguous because their values are not independent. We found a three-parameter equation with unambiguous values of the parameters that is equivalent in any other respect to the four-parameter equation. Secondly, high-resolution Monte-Carlo simulations revealed a systematic deviation of the count rate to soil moisture relation especially for extremely dry conditions as well as very humid conditions. That is a hint that a smaller contribution to the intensity was forgotten or not adequately treated by the conventional approach. Investigating the above-ground neutron flux through a broadly based Monte-Carlo simulation campaign revealed a more detailed understanding of different contributions to this signal, especially targeting air humidity corrections. The packages MCNP and URANOS were used to derive a function able to describe the respective dependencies, including the effect of different hydrogen pools and the detector-specific response function. The new relationship has been tested at two exemplary measurement sites, and its remarkable performance allows for a promising prospect of more comprehensive data quality in the future.
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700 1 _ |a Weimar, Jannis
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700 1 _ |a Schrön, Martin
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700 1 _ |a Baatz, Roland
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700 1 _ |a Schmidt, Ulrich
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773 _ _ |a 10.3389/frwa.2020.544847
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