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@ARTICLE{Tillmannn:903808,
      author       = {Tillmannn, Ralf and Gkatzelis, Georgios and Rohrer, Franz
                      and Winter, Benjamin and Wesolek, Christian and Schuldt,
                      Tobias and Lange, Anne Caroline and Franke, Philipp and
                      Friese, Elmar and Decker, Michael and Wegener, Robert and
                      Hundt, Morten and Aseev, Oleg and Kiendler-Scharr, Astrid},
      title        = {{A}ir quality observations onboard commercial and targeted
                      {Z}eppelin flights in {G}ermany – a platform for
                      high-resolution trace-gas and aerosol measurements within
                      the planetary boundary layer},
      journal      = {Atmospheric measurement techniques discussions},
      issn         = {1867-8610},
      address      = {Katlenburg-Lindau},
      publisher    = {Copernicus},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2021-05441},
      year         = {2021},
      abstract     = {Abstract. A Zeppelin airship was used as a platform for
                      in-situ measurements of greenhouse gases and short-lived air
                      pollutants within the planetary boundary layer in Germany. A
                      novel quantum cascade laser-based multi-compound gas
                      analyzer (MIRO Analytical AG) was deployed to simultaneously
                      measure in-situ concentrations of greenhouse gases (CO2,
                      N2O, H2O, and CH4) and air pollutants (CO, NO, NO2, O3, SO2,
                      and NH3) with high precision at a measurement rate of 1 Hz.
                      These measurements were complemented by electrochemical
                      sensors for NO, NO2, Ox (NO2+O3), and CO, an optical
                      particle counter, temperature, humidity, altitude, and
                      position monitoring. Instruments were operated remotely
                      without the need for on-site interactions. Three two-week
                      campaigns were conducted in 2020 comprising commercial
                      passenger as well as targeted flights over multiple German
                      cities including Cologne, Mönchengladbach, Düsseldorf,
                      Aachen, Frankfurt, but also over industrial areas and
                      highways. Vertical profiles of trace gases were obtained
                      during the airship landing and take-off. Diurnal variability
                      of the Zeppelin vertical profiles was compared to
                      measurements from ground-based monitoring stations with a
                      focus on nitrogen oxides and ozone. We find that their
                      variability can be explained by the increasing nocturnal
                      boundary layer height from early morning towards midday, an
                      increase in emissions during rush hour traffic, and the
                      rapid photochemical activity midday. Higher altitude
                      (250–450 m) NOX to CO ratios are further compared to the
                      2015 EDGAR emission inventory to find that pollutant
                      concentrations are influenced by transportation and
                      residential emissions as well as manufacturing industries
                      and construction activity. Finally, we report NOx and CO
                      concentrations from one plume transect originating from a
                      coal power plant and compare it to the EURAD-IM model to
                      find agreement within 15 $\%.$ However, due to the increased
                      contribution of solar and wind energy and/or the impact of
                      lockdown measures the power plant was operated at max. 50
                      $\%$ capacity; therefore, possible overestimation of
                      emissions by the model cannot be excluded.},
      cin          = {IEK-8},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-8-20101013},
      pnm          = {2111 - Air Quality (POF4-211)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-2111},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)25},
      doi          = {10.5194/amt-2021-360},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/903808},
}