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@ARTICLE{Duarte:904019,
      author       = {Duarte, M. J. and Fang, X. and Rao, J. and Krieger, W. and
                      Brinckmann, S. and Dehm, G.},
      title        = {{I}n situ nanoindentation during electrochemical hydrogen
                      charging: a comparison between front-side and a novel
                      back-side charging approach},
      journal      = {Journal of materials science},
      volume       = {56},
      number       = {14},
      issn         = {0022-2461},
      address      = {Dordrecht [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Springer Science + Business Media B.V},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2021-05589},
      pages        = {8732 - 8744},
      year         = {2021},
      abstract     = {The effects of hydrogen in metals are a pressing issue
                      causing severe economic losses due to material deterioration
                      by hydrogen embrittlement. A crucial understanding of the
                      interactions of hydrogen with different microstructure
                      features can be reached by nanoindentation due to the small
                      volumes probed. Even more, in situ testing while charging
                      the sample with hydrogen prevents the formation of
                      concentration gradients due to hydrogen desorption. Two
                      custom electrochemical cells for in situ testing were built
                      in-house to charge the sample with hydrogen during
                      nanoindentation: “front-side” charging with the sample
                      and the indenter tip immersed into the electrolyte, and
                      “back-side” charging where the analyzed region is never
                      in contact with the solution. During front-side charging,
                      surface degradation often occurs which also negatively
                      influences analyses after hydrogen charging. The back-side
                      charging approach proposed in this work is a promising
                      technique for studying in situ the effects of hydrogen in
                      alloys under mechanical loads, while completely excluding
                      the influence of the electrolyte on the nanoindented
                      surface. Hydrogen diffusion from the charged back-side
                      toward the testing surface is here demonstrated by Kelvin
                      probe measurements in ferritic FeCr alloys, used as a case
                      study due to the high mobility of hydrogen in the bcc
                      lattice. During nanoindentation, a reduction on the shear
                      stress necessary for dislocations nucleation due to hydrogen
                      was observed using both setups; however, the quantitative
                      data differs and a contradictory behavior was found in
                      hardness measurements. Finally, some guidelines for the use
                      of both approaches and a summary of their advantages and
                      disadvantages are presented.},
      cin          = {IEK-2},
      ddc          = {670},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-2-20101013},
      pnm          = {1231 - Electrochemistry for Hydrogen (POF4-123)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-1231},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000612376700002},
      doi          = {10.1007/s10853-020-05749-2},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/904019},
}