% IMPORTANT: The following is UTF-8 encoded.  This means that in the presence
% of non-ASCII characters, it will not work with BibTeX 0.99 or older.
% Instead, you should use an up-to-date BibTeX implementation like “bibtex8” or
% “biber”.

@ARTICLE{Morgan:904063,
      author       = {Morgan, T. W. and Li, Y. and Balden, M. and Brezinsek, S.
                      and De Temmerman, G.},
      title        = {{C}ombined high fluence and high cycle number transient
                      loading of {ITER}-like monoblocks in {M}agnum-{PSI}},
      journal      = {Nuclear fusion},
      volume       = {61},
      number       = {11},
      issn         = {0029-5515},
      address      = {Vienna},
      publisher    = {IAEA},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2021-05633},
      pages        = {116045 -},
      year         = {2021},
      note         = {kein Zugriff auf Postprint},
      abstract     = {It is highly desirable to understand the long term
                      evolution of the divertor material under the extreme
                      steady-state and transient heat and particle loads expected
                      during ITER operation. Here the impact of ELM-like transient
                      loading under combined high-flux plasma and transient
                      ELM-like heat loading in Magnum-PSI was explored to
                      determine how plasma affects the fatigue cracking threshold
                      of tungsten due to ELMs. Mock-ups consisting of five
                      ITER-like monoblocks in a chain were simultaneously exposed
                      to high flux plasma and a high power pulsed laser which
                      closely simulated the ELM impact in terms of heat flux and
                      duration. Loading conditions were chosen to enable
                      comparison to existing data from electron-beam loading,
                      while the influence of surface base temperature (750 °C,
                      1150 °C or 1500 °C) and impurity seeding (addition of 6.5
                      $ion\%$ He+ and/or 8 $ion\%$ Ne+) were also investigated.
                      The plasma loading leads to differences in surface
                      morphology and indicates synergistic effects on the extent
                      of the surface damage. Base temperatures at or above 1150
                      °C are found to lead to a significant reduction in the
                      fatigue cracking threshold by a factor of two or more
                      compared to at 750 °C. Cracked surfaces are found to be
                      more than ten times rougher than the original
                      microstructure, and additionally when seeding impurities are
                      added surface roughness can be significantly increased by up
                      closely factor of two compared to roughening using pure H
                      plasma. Overall the results indicate that avoiding fatigue
                      cracking in ITER will be very challenging, and that
                      understanding the level to which this can therefore be
                      tolerated is vital for anticipating divertor lifetime and
                      reliability.},
      cin          = {IEK-4},
      ddc          = {620},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-4-20101013},
      pnm          = {134 - Plasma-Wand-Wechselwirkung (POF4-134)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-134},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000706463300001},
      doi          = {10.1088/1741-4326/ac25c2},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/904063},
}