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@ARTICLE{Eliwi:904099,
      author       = {Eliwi, Abed Alrhman and Malekshahi Byranvand, Mahdi and
                      Fassl, Paul and Khan, Motiur Rahman and Hossain, Ihteaz
                      Muhaimeen and Frericks, Markus and Ternes, Simon and
                      Abzieher, Tobias and Schwenzer, Jonas A. and Mayer, Thomas
                      and Hofmann, Jan P. and Richards, Bryce S. and Lemmer, Uli
                      and Saliba, Michael and Paetzold, Ulrich W.},
      title        = {{O}ptimization of {S}n{O}2 electron transport layer for
                      efficient planar perovskite solar cells with very low
                      hysteresis},
      journal      = {Materials advances},
      volume       = {3},
      number       = {1},
      issn         = {2633-5409},
      address      = {Cambridge},
      publisher    = {Royal Society of Chemistry},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2021-05669},
      pages        = {456-466},
      year         = {2022},
      abstract     = {Nanostructured tin oxide (SnO2) is a very promising
                      electron transport layer (ETL) for perovskite solar cells
                      (PSCs) that allows low-temperature processing in the planar
                      n–i–p architecture. However, minimizing
                      current–voltage (J–V) hysteresis and optimizing charge
                      extraction for PSCs in this architecture remains a
                      challenge. In response to this, we study and optimize
                      different types of single- and bilayer SnO2 ETLs. Detailed
                      characterization of the optoelectronic properties reveals
                      that a bilayer ETL composed of lithium (Li)-doped compact
                      SnO2 (c(Li)-SnO2) at the bottom and potassium-capped SnO2
                      nanoparticle layers (NP-SnO2) at the top enhances the
                      electron extraction and charge transport properties of PSCs
                      and reduces the degree of ion migration. This results in an
                      improved PCE and a strongly reduced J–V hysteresis for
                      PSCs with a bilayer c(Li)-NP-SnO2 ETL as compared to
                      reference PSCs with a single-layer or undoped bilayer ETL.
                      The champion PSC with c(Li)-NP-SnO2 ETL shows a high
                      stabilized PCE of up to $18.5\%$ compared to $15.7\%,$
                      $12.5\%$ and $16.3\%$ for PSCs with c-SnO2, c(Li)-SnO2 and
                      c-NP-SnO2 as ETL, respectively.},
      cin          = {IEK-5},
      ddc          = {540},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-5-20101013},
      pnm          = {1213 - Cell Design and Development (POF4-121)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-1213},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000717741700001},
      doi          = {10.1039/D1MA00585E},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/904099},
}