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000904111 1001_ $$00000-0002-7062-8077$$aPrivitera, Alberto$$b0
000904111 245__ $$aElectron spin as fingerprint for charge generation and transport in doped organic semiconductors
000904111 260__ $$aLondon ˜[u.a.]œ$$bRSC$$c2021
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000904111 520__ $$aWe use the electron spin as a probe to gain insight into the mechanism of molecular doping in a p-doped zinc phthalocyanine host across a broad range of temperatures (80–280 K) and doping concentrations (0–5 wt% of F6-TCNNQ). Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy discloses the presence of two main paramagnetic species distinguished by two different g-tensors, which are assigned based on density functional theory calculations to the formation of a positive polaron on the host and a radical anion on the dopant. Close inspection of the EPR spectra shows that radical anions on the dopants couple in an antiferromagnetic manner at device-relevant doping concentrations, thereby suggesting the presence of dopant clustering, and that positive polarons on the molecular host move by polaron hopping with an activation energy of 5 meV. This activation energy is substantially smaller than that inferred from electrical conductivity measurements (∼233 meV), as the latter also includes a (major) contribution from charge-transfer state dissociation. It emerges from this study that probing the electron spin can provide rich information on the nature and dynamics of charge carriers generated upon doping molecular semiconductors, which could serve as a basis for the design of the next generation of dopant and host materials.
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000904111 7001_ $$00000-0002-9093-8347$$aWarren, Ross$$b1
000904111 7001_ $$00000-0001-7777-9161$$aLondi, Giacomo$$b2
000904111 7001_ $$0P:(DE-Juel1)166075$$aKaienburg, Pascal$$b3
000904111 7001_ $$00000-0003-0074-1928$$aLiu, Junjie$$b4
000904111 7001_ $$00000-0002-0850-6757$$aSperlich, Andreas$$b5
000904111 7001_ $$00000-0002-1726-7110$$aLauritzen, Andreas E.$$b6
000904111 7001_ $$0P:(DE-Juel1)132799$$aThimm, Oliver$$b7
000904111 7001_ $$00000-0001-5521-2658$$aArdavan, Arzhang$$b8
000904111 7001_ $$00000-0001-5082-9990$$aBeljonne, David$$b9
000904111 7001_ $$00000-0002-5399-5510$$aRiede, Moritz$$b10$$eCorresponding author
000904111 773__ $$0PERI:(DE-600)2702245-6$$a10.1039/D0TC06097F$$gVol. 9, no. 8, p. 2944 - 2954$$n8$$p2944 - 2954$$tJournal of materials chemistry / C$$v9$$x2050-7526$$y2021
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