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@ARTICLE{Decker:904139,
      author       = {Decker, Zachary C. J. and Robinson, Michael A. and
                      Barsanti, Kelley C. and Bourgeois, Ilann and Coggon, Matthew
                      M. and DiGangi, Joshua P. and Diskin, Glenn S. and Flocke,
                      Frank M. and Franchin, Alessandro and Fredrickson, Carley D.
                      and Gkatzelis, Georgios and Hall, Samuel R. and Halliday,
                      Hannah and Holmes, Christopher D. and Huey, L. Gregory and
                      Lee, Young Ro and Lindaas, Jakob and Middlebrook, Ann M. and
                      Montzka, Denise D. and Moore, Richard and Neuman, J. Andrew
                      and Nowak, John B. and Palm, Brett B. and Peischl, Jeff and
                      Piel, Felix and Rickly, Pamela S. and Rollins, Andrew W. and
                      Ryerson, Thomas B. and Schwantes, Rebecca H. and Sekimoto,
                      Kanako and Thornhill, Lee and Thornton, Joel A. and Tyndall,
                      Geoffrey S. and Ullmann, Kirk and Van Rooy, Paul and Veres,
                      Patrick R. and Warneke, Carsten and Washenfelder, Rebecca A.
                      and Weinheimer, Andrew J. and Wiggins, Elizabeth and
                      Winstead, Edward and Wisthaler, Armin and Womack, Caroline
                      and Brown, Steven S.},
      title        = {{N}ighttime and daytime dark oxidation chemistry in
                      wildfire plumes: an observation and model analysis of
                      {FIREX}-{AQ} aircraft data},
      journal      = {Atmospheric chemistry and physics},
      volume       = {21},
      number       = {21},
      issn         = {1680-7316},
      address      = {Katlenburg-Lindau},
      publisher    = {EGU},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2021-05709},
      pages        = {16293 - 16317},
      year         = {2021},
      abstract     = {Wildfires are increasing in size across the western US,
                      leading to increases in human smoke exposure and associated
                      negative health impacts. The impact of biomass burning (BB)
                      smoke, including wildfires, on regional air quality depends
                      on emissions, transport, and chemistry, including oxidation
                      of emitted BB volatile organic compounds (BBVOCs) by the
                      hydroxyl radical (OH), nitrate radical (NO3), and ozone
                      (O3). During the daytime, when light penetrates the plumes,
                      BBVOCs are oxidized mainly by O3 and OH. In contrast, at
                      night or in optically dense plumes, BBVOCs are oxidized
                      mainly by O3 and NO3. This work focuses on the transition
                      between daytime and nighttime oxidation, which has
                      significant implications for the formation of secondary
                      pollutants and loss of nitrogen oxides (NOx=NO+NO2) and has
                      been understudied. We present wildfire plume observations
                      made during FIREX-AQ (Fire Influence on Regional to Global
                      Environments and Air Quality), a field campaign involving
                      multiple aircraft, ground, satellite, and mobile platforms
                      that took place in the United States in the summer of 2019
                      to study both wildfire and agricultural burning emissions
                      and atmospheric chemistry. We use observations from two
                      research aircraft, the NASA DC-8 and the NOAA Twin Otter,
                      with a detailed chemical box model, including updated
                      phenolic mechanisms, to analyze smoke sampled during midday,
                      sunset, and nighttime. Aircraft observations suggest a range
                      of NO3 production rates (0.1–1.5 ppbv h−1) in plumes
                      transported during both midday and after dark. Modeled
                      initial instantaneous reactivity toward BBVOCs for NO3, OH,
                      and O3 is $80.1 \%,$ $87.7 \%,$ and $99.6 \%,$
                      respectively. Initial NO3 reactivity is 10–104 times
                      greater than typical values in forested or urban
                      environments, and reactions with BBVOCs account for
                      $>97 \%$ of NO3 loss in sunlit plumes (jNO2 up to
                      4×10−3s−1), while conventional photochemical NO3 loss
                      through reaction with NO and photolysis are minor pathways.
                      Alkenes and furans are mostly oxidized by OH and O3
                      $(11 \%–43 \%,$ $54 \%–88 \%$ for alkenes;
                      $18 \%–55 \%,$ $39 \%–76 \%,$ for furans,
                      respectively), but phenolic oxidation is split between NO3,
                      O3, and OH $(26 \%–52 \%,$ $22 \%–43 \%,$
                      $16 \%–33 \%,$ respectively). Nitrate radical
                      oxidation accounts for $26 \%–52 \%$ of phenolic
                      chemical loss in sunset plumes and in an optically thick
                      plume. Nitrocatechol yields varied between $33 \%$ and
                      $45 \%,$ and NO3 chemistry in BB plumes emitted late in
                      the day is responsible for $72 \%–92 \%$ $(84 \%$ in
                      an optically thick midday plume) of nitrocatechol formation
                      and controls nitrophenolic formation overall. As a result,
                      overnight nitrophenolic formation pathways account for
                      $56 \%±2 \%$ of NOx loss by sunrise the following day.
                      In all but one overnight plume we modeled, there was
                      remaining NOx $(13 \%–57 \%)$ and BBVOCs
                      $(8 \%–72 \%)$ at sunrise.},
      cin          = {IEK-8},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-8-20101013},
      pnm          = {2111 - Air Quality (POF4-211)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-2111},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000716444700001},
      doi          = {10.5194/acp-21-16293-2021},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/904139},
}