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@ARTICLE{Camara:904160,
      author       = {Camara, Osmane and Mir, A. H. and Greaves, G. and Donnelly,
                      S. E. and Hinks, J. A.},
      title        = {{A}nomalous nucleation of crystals within amorphous
                      germanium nanowires during thermal annealing},
      journal      = {Nanotechnology},
      volume       = {32},
      number       = {28},
      issn         = {0957-4484},
      address      = {Bristol},
      publisher    = {IOP Publ.},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2021-05730},
      pages        = {285707 -},
      year         = {2021},
      abstract     = {In this work, germanium nanowires rendered fully amorphous
                      via xenon ion irradiation have been annealed within a
                      transmission electron microscope to induce crystallization.
                      During annealing crystallites appeared in some nanowires
                      whilst others remained fully amorphous. Remarkably, even
                      when nucleation occurred, large sections of the nanowires
                      remained amorphous even though the few crystallites embedded
                      in the amorphous phase were formed at a minimum of 200 °C
                      above the temperature for epitaxial growth and 100 °C above
                      the temperature for random nucleation and growth in bulk
                      germanium. Furthermore, the presence of crystallites was
                      observed to depend on the diameter of the nanowire. Indeed,
                      the formation of crystallites occurred at a higher annealing
                      temperature in thin nanowires compared with thicker ones.
                      Additionally, nanowires with a diameter above 55 nm were
                      made entirely crystalline when the annealing was performed
                      at the temperature normally required for crystallization in
                      germanium (i.e. 500 °C). It is proposed that oxygen atoms
                      hinder both the formation and the growth of crystallites.
                      Furthermore, as crystallites must reach a minimum size to
                      survive and grow within the amorphous nanowires, the
                      instability of crystallites may also play a limited role for
                      the thinnest nanowires.},
      cin          = {IEK-9},
      ddc          = {530},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-9-20110218},
      pnm          = {1223 - Batteries in Application (POF4-122)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-1223},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {33254162},
      UT           = {WOS:000644152700001},
      doi          = {10.1088/1361-6528/abcef1},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/904160},
}