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@ARTICLE{Baumgrtner:904182,
      author       = {Baumgärtner, Nils and Deutz, Sarah and Reinert, Christiane
                      and Nolzen, Niklas and Kuepper, Lucas Elias and Hennen,
                      Maike and Hollermann, Dinah Elena and Bardow, André},
      title        = {{L}ife-{C}ycle {A}ssessment of {S}ector-{C}oupled
                      {N}ational {E}nergy {S}ystems: {E}nvironmental {I}mpacts of
                      {E}lectricity, {H}eat, and {T}ransportation in {G}ermany
                      {T}ill 2050},
      journal      = {Frontiers in energy research},
      volume       = {9},
      issn         = {2296-598X},
      address      = {Lausanne},
      publisher    = {Frontiers Media},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2021-05752},
      pages        = {621502},
      year         = {2021},
      abstract     = {National energy models provide decarbonization strategies.
                      Most national energy models focus on costs and greenhouse
                      gas emissions only. However, this focus carries the risk
                      that burdens shift to other environmental impacts. Energy
                      models have therefore been extended by life-cycle assessment
                      (LCA). Furthermore, deep decarbonization is only possible by
                      targeting all high-emission sectors. Thus, we present a
                      holistic national energy model that includes high-emission
                      sectors and LCA. The model provides detailed environmental
                      impacts for electricity, heat, and transport processes in
                      Germany for meeting the climate targets up to 2050. Our
                      results show that renewable energies and storage are key
                      technologies for decarbonized energy systems. Furthermore,
                      sector coupling is crucial and doubles electricity demand.
                      Our LCA shows that environmental impacts shift from
                      operation to infrastructure highlighting the importance of
                      an impact assessment over the full life cycle.
                      Decarbonization leads to many environmental cobenefits;
                      however, it also increases freshwater ecotoxicity and
                      depletion of metal and mineral resources. Thus, holistic
                      planning of decarbonization strategies should also consider
                      other environmental impacts.},
      cin          = {IEK-10},
      ddc          = {333.7},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-10-20170217},
      pnm          = {899 - ohne Topic (POF4-899)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-899},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000642088700001},
      doi          = {10.3389/fenrg.2021.621502},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/904182},
}