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@ARTICLE{Ostovari:904190,
      author       = {Ostovari, Hesam and Müller, Leonard and Skocek, Jan and
                      Bardow, André},
      title        = {{F}rom {U}navoidable {CO} 2 {S}ource to {CO} 2 {S}ink? {A}
                      {C}ement {I}ndustry {B}ased on {CO} 2 {M}ineralization},
      journal      = {Environmental science $\&$ technology},
      volume       = {55},
      number       = {8},
      issn         = {0013-936X},
      address      = {Columbus, Ohio},
      publisher    = {American Chemical Society},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2021-05760},
      pages        = {5212 - 5223},
      year         = {2021},
      abstract     = {The cement industry emits $7\%$ of the global anthropogenic
                      greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Reducing the GHG emissions
                      of the cement industry is challenging since cement
                      production stoichiometrically generates CO2 during
                      calcination of limestone. In this work, we propose a pathway
                      towards a carbon-neutral cement industry using CO2
                      mineralization. CO2 mineralization converts CO2 into a
                      thermodynamically stable solid and byproducts that can
                      potentially substitute cement. Hence, CO2 mineralization
                      could reduce the carbon footprint of the cement industry via
                      two mechanisms: (1) capturing and storing CO2 from the flue
                      gas of the cement plant, and (2) reducing clinker usage by
                      substituting cement. However, CO2 mineralization also
                      generates GHG emissions due to the energy required for
                      overcoming the slow reaction kinetics. We, therefore,
                      analyze the carbon footprint of the combined CO2
                      mineralization and cement production based on life cycle
                      assessment. Our results show that combined CO2
                      mineralization and cement production using today’s energy
                      mix could reduce the carbon footprint of the cement industry
                      by $44\%$ or even up to $85\%$ considering the theoretical
                      potential. Low-carbon energy or higher blending of
                      mineralization products in cement could enable production of
                      carbon-neutral blended cement. With direct air capture, the
                      blended cement could even become carbon-negative. Thus, our
                      results suggest that developing processes and products for
                      combined CO2 mineralization and cement production could
                      transform the cement industry from an unavoidable CO2 source
                      to a CO2 sink.},
      cin          = {IEK-10},
      ddc          = {333.7},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-10-20170217},
      pnm          = {899 - ohne Topic (POF4-899)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-899},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:33735574},
      UT           = {WOS:000643546400100},
      doi          = {10.1021/acs.est.0c07599},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/904190},
}