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@ARTICLE{Appelt:904300,
      author       = {Appelt, Stephan and Lehmkuhl, Sören and Fleischer, Simon
                      and Joalland, Baptiste and Ariyasingha, Nuwandi M. and
                      Chekmenev, Eduard Y. and Theis, Thomas},
      title        = {{SABRE} and {PHIP} pumped {RASER} and the route to chaos},
      journal      = {Journal of magnetic resonance},
      volume       = {322},
      issn         = {0022-2364},
      address      = {Amsterdam [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2021-05870},
      pages        = {106815 -},
      year         = {2021},
      abstract     = {In a RASER (Radio-frequency Amplification by Stimulated
                      Emission of Radiation), the fast relaxing electromagnetic
                      modes of an LC resonator are enslaved by the slow nuclear
                      spin motion, whose coherence decays with the transverse
                      relaxation rate . Such a system obeys the slaving principle,
                      mathematically identical with the adiabatic elimination
                      procedure, leading to multi-mode RASER equations. If the
                      pumping rate of nuclear spin polarization , a second
                      adiabatic elimination process applies and the spectral
                      properties of the RASER can be predicted. The resulting
                      model is similar to the model of two non-linear coupled
                      oscillators and predicts the observed RASER phenomena,
                      including frequency combs and mode collapse. If the second
                      adiabatic elimination is not applicable, mode collapse is
                      completely absent and successive period doubling processes
                      and chaos occur at very high population inversions. We
                      compare these theoretical predictions with experimental
                      results from a PHIP (Para-Hydrogen Induced Polarization)
                      pumped 1H RASER. Moreover, in SABRE (Signal Amplification By
                      Reversible Exchange) pumped 1H experiments, RASER revivals
                      are observed long after the parahydrogen pumping source has
                      been switched off. All these findings shed light onto the
                      links between NMR spectroscopy, RASER physics, synergetics
                      and chaos theory. Several new applications are envisioned in
                      the fields of quantum sensor technology, structure
                      investigation or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).},
      cin          = {ZEA-2},
      ddc          = {530},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)ZEA-2-20090406},
      pnm          = {899 - ohne Topic (POF4-899)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-899},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {33423756},
      UT           = {WOS:000608261400012},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.jmr.2020.106815},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/904300},
}