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@ARTICLE{Seidel:904456,
      author       = {Seidel, Claus A. M. and Gaiser, T. and Ahrends, H. E. and
                      Hüging, H. and Siebert, S. and Bauke, S. L. and Gocke, M.
                      I. and Koch, M. and Schweitzer, K. and Schaaf, G. and Ewert,
                      F.},
      title        = {{C}rop response to {P} fertilizer omission under a changing
                      climate - {E}xperimental and modeling results over 115 years
                      of a long-term fertilizer experiment},
      journal      = {Field crops research},
      volume       = {268},
      issn         = {0378-4290},
      address      = {Amsterdam},
      publisher    = {Elsevier},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2021-06026},
      pages        = {108174 -},
      year         = {2021},
      abstract     = {Phosphorus (P) is an essential plant nutrient. However, our
                      understanding of the complex interactions between soil P
                      availability, environment, management and crop growth is
                      still limited. We used unique historic and recent soil and
                      crop data spanning more than a century combined with a
                      process-based crop model to analyze the impact of P
                      fertilizer omission and P fertilization on the biomass
                      production of five crops. The long-term field experiment at
                      Dikopshof, Germany, was established in 1904 with a 5-year
                      crop rotation of sugar beet, winter wheat, winter rye,
                      clover and oat/potato (potato replaced oat in 1953) on a
                      fertile Luvisol. Averaged over the period from 1906 to 2018,
                      the yield loss due to P omission was low for winter wheat
                      and winter rye (7–8 $\%).$ In contrast, yield losses for
                      sugar beet, clover and potato were relatively high (15–24
                      $\%).$ The yield loss from P fertilizer omission in
                      comparison to the reference treatment (rotation mean
                      excluding oat/potato) increased until the middle of the last
                      century from $7\%$ to 18 $\%,$ but subsequently decreased to
                      13 $\%.$ Trend and correlation analyses suggest that this
                      decrease was related to an increase in air temperatures in
                      especial during spring and a lower yield loss under P
                      omission. Crop model simulations showed decreasing topsoil
                      organic carbon concentrations after the 1930ies as manure
                      was discontinued in 1942 but also due to increasing air
                      temperatures. The increase in plant-available topsoil P
                      concentrations during the last decades was one of the main
                      factors offsetting yield losses despite P fertilizer
                      omission. Our study suggests that climate change and, in
                      particular, a marked increase in temperature since the
                      middle of the last century most likely influenced soil P
                      dynamics with a significant impact on crop production.},
      cin          = {IBG-3},
      ddc          = {640},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBG-3-20101118},
      pnm          = {2173 - Agro-biogeosystems: controls, feedbacks and impact
                      (POF4-217)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-2173},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000661323400002},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.fcr.2021.108174},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/904456},
}