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@ARTICLE{Latini:904853,
      author       = {Latini, Arianna and Fiorani, Fabio and Galeffi, Patrizia
                      and Cantale, Cristina and Bevivino, Annamaria and
                      Jablonowski, Nicolai David},
      title        = {{P}henotyping of {D}ifferent {I}talian {D}urum {W}heat
                      {V}arieties in {E}arly {G}rowth {S}tage {W}ith the
                      {A}ddition of {P}ure or {D}igestate-{A}ctivated {B}iochars},
      journal      = {Frontiers in plant science},
      volume       = {12},
      issn         = {1664-462X},
      address      = {Lausanne},
      publisher    = {Frontiers Media},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2022-00177},
      pages        = {782072},
      year         = {2021},
      abstract     = {This study aims to highlight the major effects of biochar
                      incorporation into potting soil substrate on plant growth
                      and performance in early growth stages of five elite Italian
                      varieties of durum wheat (Triticum durum). The biochars used
                      were obtained from two contrasting feedstocks, namely wood
                      chips and wheat straw, by gasification under high
                      temperature conditions, and were applied in a greenhouse
                      experiment either as pure or as nutrient-activated biochar
                      obtained by incubation with digestate. The results of the
                      experiment showed that specific genotypes as well as
                      different treatments with biochar have significant effects
                      on plant response when looking at shoot traits related to
                      growth. The evaluated genotypes could be clustered in two
                      main distinct groups presenting, respectively, significantly
                      increasing (Duilio, Iride, and Saragolla varieties) and
                      decreasing (Marco Aurelio and Grecale varieties) values of
                      projected shoot system area (PSSA), fresh weight (FW), dry
                      weight (DW), and plant water loss by evapotranspiration
                      (ET). All these traits were correlated with Pearson
                      correlation coefficients ranging from 0.74 to 0.98.
                      Concerning the treatment effect, a significant alteration of
                      the mentioned plant traits was observed when applying
                      biochar from wheat straw, characterized by very high
                      electrical conductivity (EC), resulting in a reduction of
                      $34.6\%$ PSSA, $43.2\%$ FW, $66.9\%$ DW, and $36.0\%$ ET,
                      when compared to the control. Interestingly, the application
                      of the same biochar after nutrient spiking with digestate
                      determined about a $15–30\%$ relief from the
                      abovementioned reduction induced by the application of the
                      sole pure wheat straw biochar. Our results reinforce the
                      current basic knowledge available on biological soil
                      amendments as biochar and digestate.},
      cin          = {IBG-2},
      ddc          = {570},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBG-2-20101118},
      pnm          = {2172 - Utilization of renewable carbon and energy sources
                      and engineering of ecosystem functions (POF4-217) / 2173 -
                      Agro-biogeosystems: controls, feedbacks and impact
                      (POF4-217) / 2171 - Biological and environmental resources
                      for sustainable use (POF4-217)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-2172 / G:(DE-HGF)POF4-2173 /
                      G:(DE-HGF)POF4-2171},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {34987533},
      UT           = {WOS:000738867600001},
      doi          = {10.3389/fpls.2021.782072},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/904853},
}