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@ARTICLE{Mller:904952,
      author       = {Möller, Sören and Satoh, Takahiro and Ishii, Yasuyuki and
                      Teßmer, Britta and Guerdelli, Rayan and Kamiya, Tomihiro
                      and Fujita, Kazuhisa and Suzuki, Kota and Kato, Yoshiaki and
                      Wiemhöfer, Hans-Dieter and Mima, Kunioki and Finsterbusch,
                      Martin},
      title        = {{A}bsolute {L}ocal {Q}uantification of {L}i as {F}unction
                      of {S}tate-of-{C}harge in {A}ll-{S}olid-{S}tate {L}i
                      {B}atteries via 2{D} {M}e{V} {I}on-{B}eam {A}nalysis},
      journal      = {Batteries},
      volume       = {7},
      number       = {2},
      issn         = {2313-0105},
      address      = {Basel},
      publisher    = {MDPI},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2022-00266},
      pages        = {41 -},
      year         = {2021},
      abstract     = {Direct observation of the lithiation and de-lithiation in
                      lithium batteries on the component and microstructural scale
                      is still difficult. This work presents recent advances in
                      MeV ion-beam analysis, enabling quantitative contact-free
                      analysis of the spatially-resolved lithium content and
                      state-of-charge (SoC) in all-solid-state lithium batteries
                      via 3 MeV proton-based characteristic x-ray and gamma-ray
                      emission analysis. The analysis is demonstrated on
                      cross-sections of ceramic and polymer all-solid-state cells
                      with LLZO and MEEP/LIBOB solid electrolytes. Different SoC
                      are measured ex-situ and one polymer-based operando cell is
                      charged at 333 K during analysis. The data unambiguously
                      show the migration of lithium upon charging. Quantitative
                      lithium concentrations are obtained by taking the physical
                      and material aspects of the mixed cathodes into account.
                      This quantitative lithium determination as a function of SoC
                      gives insight into irreversible degradation phenomena of
                      all-solid-state batteries during the first cycles and
                      locations of immobile lithium. The determined SoC matches
                      the electrochemical characterization within uncertainties.
                      The presented analysis method thus opens up a completely new
                      access to the state-of-charge of battery cells not depending
                      on electrochemical measurements. Automated beam scanning and
                      data-analysis algorithms enable a 2D quantitative Li and SoC
                      mapping on the µm-scale, not accessible with other
                      methods.},
      cin          = {IEK-1 / IEK-12},
      ddc          = {530},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-1-20101013 / I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-12-20141217},
      pnm          = {1222 - Components and Cells (POF4-122) / InDiCate - In-situ
                      Analyse der Li-Verteilung in Kathoden (03XP0124A) /
                      FestBatt-Oxide - Materialplattform 'Oxide' im Rahmen des
                      Kompetenzclusters für Festkörperbatterien (13XP0173A) /
                      InCa - Interfaces von Mischkathoden in Festkörperbatterien
                      - Fortschrittliche Charakterisierung und Optimierung,
                      Teilvorhaben: Fortschrittliche Ionenstrahlanalytik an
                      Festkörperzellen (13XP0228D)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-1222 / G:(BMBF)03XP0124A / G:(BMBF)13XP0173A
                      / G:(BMBF)13XP0228D},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000665176500001},
      doi          = {10.3390/batteries7020041},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/904952},
}